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简介：2020年中考英语必考点Chapter11.lovevt.喜欢，喜爱【短语】：lovesb./sth.喜欢某人/某物lovetodosth.喜欢做某事（某一次）lovedoingsth.喜欢做某事（表示习惯）【拓展】:like&enjoy1)likevt.&prep.【反义词】dislike,unlike【辨析】：like和as有什么区别呢？Hetalkedtomeasafather.&Hetalkedtomelikeafather.【句型辨析】：Whatis/aresb.like?—What’syourfatherlike?—Heisaseriousperson.Whatdo/doessb.looklike?—Whatdoesyourboyfriendlooklike?—Heistallwithblackhair.Whatdo/doessb.like?—Whatsubjectdoyoulike?—IlikeEnglish.Howdo/doessb.likesth?=Howdo/doessb.findsth.?=Whatdo/doessb.thinkofsth.?—Howdoyoulikethemovie?—Notbad.Howwouldsb.likesth.?—Howwouldyoulikeyourcoffee?—Black,please.2)enjoy【短语】enjoysth.喜欢某事enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事enjoyoneself(doingsth.)=havefun(doingsth.)做某事玩得开心2.lovelyadj.可爱的【拓展】以ly结尾的形容词：Hourly/daily/weekly/monthly/yearlydeadly（致命的）early（早的）orderly（整洁的；有序的；有条理的）friendly（友好的；亲切的）kindly（善良的，亲切的）lonely（孤独的，寂寞的）lovely（可爱的；漂亮的，迷人的）likely（有可能的，大概）lively（有活力的，活泼的；生动的）only（唯一的）slightly（稍微，略微）ugly（丑陋的，难看的）elderly（年纪较大的，上了年纪的。与old同义，较委婉）3.祈使句的用法一、祈使句的分类n祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。(1)第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形X开头。Standup.Don’tworry.但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。Marycleanthewindows,andyouboyswashthefloor!玛丽擦窗户，你们男孩子洗地板!Comein,everybody!每个人都进来!有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。Yougetoutofhere!你给我出去!Don’tyoubelateagain!你可别再迟到了!(2)第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。Let’sgo!Letusgohome!Lethimsitdown．祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。Help!Patience!Quickly!Handsup!二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式(1)祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。Dobecareful!Dogivemyregardstoyourparents.务必/一定代我向你父母问好。(2)祈使句的否定形式通常是在句首加don’t或never。Don’tyoubenervous!你不要紧张!(3)以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Letme/us后加not。Let’snotwasteourtimearguingaboutit.咱们别浪费时间争论这事了。Let’snotsayanythingaboutit.这事咱们谁也别说。三、祈使句的反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。(2)Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“shallwe?”。Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?Let'sholdabirthdaypartyforhim,shallwe?(3)Letme和Letus表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“willyou?”。Letusgoforawalk,willyou?(4)其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“willyou?”，表达一种客气的语气。Listentome,willyou?Don’ttellanyoneaboutit,willyou?n但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’tyou?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。Haveacupofcoffee，won’tyou?Comeinandtakeaseat,won’tyou/willyou?四、祈使句用于两个重要句型1)“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。2)“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。试比较：Hurryupandyou’llcatchthetrain.(＝Ifyouhurryup,you’llcatchthetrain．)Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain．(＝Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llmissthetrain．)1.lookv.看n.看，瞧look（系动词）看起来后常接形容词作表语Itlooksbeautiful.它看起来很漂亮。【拓展】：系动词简单分类：表示感官的系动词有：sound,feel,smell,taste,look状态系动词：be变化类系动词：go,get,turn,become,grow,come持续类系动词：keep,stay,remain【短语】lookafter照看lookat看着lookout=becareful小心lookup查阅；看得起lookdown向下看；看不起lookback回顾lookaround环顾四周lookforwardtosth./doingsth.期待某事/做某事【辨析】四个“看”的区别(1)look指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语，要和at连用。Look!Tomisoverthere.看！汤姆在那儿。Lookattheblackboard,please.请看黑板。(2)see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”。【短语】seeadoctor看医生seeafilm看电影（美式表达，一定是去影院看）Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetree?你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿？Helookedcarefullybutdidn'tseeanything.他很仔细的看，但是没有看见任何东西。(3)watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。【短语】watchTVwatchamatchwatchamovie（可以是在电视、电脑上看的）DoyouwatchTVatnight?你晚上看电视吗？(4)read指“阅读”，常用于读书、读报等有文字的东西。【短语】readabookreadanewspaperreadamagazineIlikereading.我喜欢阅读。【巩固练习】：一、单项选择1.Tonyisaboy.Wehimverymuch.A.bad;likesB.polite;likeC.good;enjoysD.bad;like2.—.Thebabyissleeping.—I’msorry.nA.NottalkB.NottalkingC.Don’ttalkD.Don’ttalking1.—I’mleavingnow.—Pleaseyouturnoffthelights.A.tomakesureB.madesureC.makesureD.makingsure2.I’mnotfeelingwelltoday.MaybeIshouldadoctor.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat3.！Canyouabirdoverthere?A.Watch;seeB.Watchout;lookC.Look;seeD.Lookout;watch一、填空：1.IliketonewspaperswhenI’mfree.（看）2.givesusknowledge.（阅读）3.Hewillafootballmatchthisevening.（看）4.Howmanybirdscanyouinthetree?（看到）答案：1-5BCCAC答案：1.read2.Reading3.watch4.see1.年龄表达法【解析】数词+yearsold放在be动词后面做表语。数词-year-old放在名词前做表语注：aneight-year-oldboyattheageof+数词Thelittleboyis5yearsold.Heisafive-year-oldboy.Thelittleboyisattheageoffive.2..play的用法.【短语】playfootball/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮球/打排球(后接球类不用冠词)playthepiano/guitar/violin弹钢琴/弹吉他/拉小提琴(后接乐器使用定冠词the)playchess/poker/cards下象棋/玩扑克/打牌playtheleadroleof...in...在..中扮演主角...playanimportantrolein..在..中起到重要作用playatrickonsb捉弄某人3.let：letsbdosth让某人做某事使役动词后接动词原形做宾补，使役动词：let、have、make等。1)Let“使，让 ”a)let+宾语+do“让……做”，被动语态为belet（to）do 。Let’sgothere,shallwe?Theywon’tlettheirteacherbetreatedlikethat.2)have“使，让”，不用于被动语态。a)have+宾语+do“让……做某事”，动作执行者为宾语。 Hehadtheboysayitclearly.b)haven+宾语+doing“让……做某事”，动作执行者为句子宾语，但动词必须为持续性动词，后面常接时间段。Hehadherstandingintherainfortwohours.a)have+宾语+done“叫、让、请别人做某事”，表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。或“遭遇不幸事情”。I’llhavemybikerepairedthisafternoon.You’dbetterhaveyourbadtoothpulledout.Hehadhiswalletstolenatthestation.b)have+宾语+adj./adv./prep.“使…处于某种状态”。Pleasehaveyourmoneyready.1)make“使……”，有轻微强迫之意。a)make+宾语+do，“迫使某人做某事”，被动语态为bemadetodo。Theboymadethegirlcry.Theworkersweremadetoworklateatnight.b)make+宾语+doing“使……处于某种状态”，并强调动作的主动性。 Thestorymadehimfeelingsad.c)make+宾语+done“使处于某种状态”，并强调动作的被动性。 Pleasespeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.d)make+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.“使……处于某种状态”。 Hisillnessmadehimveryweak.1.begoodat（doing）sth=dowellin（doing）sth擅长（做）某事【短语】begoodtosb对某人好begoodforsth对…有好处beweak/pooratdoingsth不擅长做某事2.表示建议的句型【解析】Whynot=whydon’t+代词+V原形?Shallwe+V原形?Let’s+V原形.You’dbetter+V原形Can/Could/Will/Wouldyouplease+V原形?What/Howabout+V-ing?Wouldyoulike+todosth?【巩固练习】：一、单项选择1.Theheavysnowmadethemountainclimbers________ontheirway.(2008北京朝阳)A.StopB.tostopC.StoppingD.stopped2.—Idon’tlikethemilk,butmymotheralwaysmademe______it.—Yourmumisright.It’sgoodforyou.(2005北京西城一模)A.toeatB.eatC.todrinkD.drink3.Thebosshadtheworkers______theworkwithintwodays.A.finishB.finishedC.finishingD.tofinishn1.—Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?—Iamgoingtohavemybike______.A．repairB.torepairC.repairedD.Repairing2.—_____comeandjoinus?—_____.ButIhavetomeetmyuncleattheairport.A．Whynotto；IthinksoB.Whynot；IhopesoC.Whydon’t;I’mverytiredD.Whynotyou;Ilikeit3.—Whataboutgoingswimmingwithmethisafternoon?---_____,butIhavealotofhomeworktodo.A.I’dlovetoB.Yes,let’sgoC.No,Iwon’t.D.Itdoesn’tmatter.4.—Sohotintheclassroom.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow?—No,I’lldoitrightnow.A.tocloseB.notopeningC.closingD.opening5.—WouldyoumindifIsithere?—_____.Theseathasalreadybeentaken.A.Goodidea.B.BetternotC.I’dlovetoD.youhaveto6.—Whataboutgoingoutforadrink？—______.A.Itsoundsgood.B.Youmay,ifyoulikeC.No,Idon’tmind.D.You’rewelcome7.—Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?Thedictionaryisonthetopshelf,outofmyreach.—______.A.Itdoesn’tmatter.B.Notatall.C.Noproblem.D.It’smypleasure8.Ilikeplaying_______volleyballwhilemysisterlikesplaying_______piano.A.//B.the/C./theD.the/一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Tomisgoodat_________(play)basketball,butI’mnot.2.Bettydoeswellin________(draw),soIoftenlearnfromher.3.Sheistooyoungtogotoschoolbecausesheisathree_________(yearsold)girl.答案：1-5ADACB6-10ABBAC11.C答案：1-3playingdrawingyear-old1.tooadv.也;太1)也。too,aswell,also,either辨析a)too用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句末,too就相当于aswell.too要用逗号隔开，而aswell不需要。Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacheraswell.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher,too.我的爸爸是一位老师，我妈妈也是老师。【拓展】aswellas用法:aswellas用来表示同级比较,指“一样好”.如：Heplaystheguitaraswellasyou.他的吉他弹得和你一样好.aswellas常用来连接两个并列的成分.当并列主语时,谓语动词与前一项一致.(就远原则)nShecalledonyouaswellasme．(并列宾语)她不但拜访了我,也拜访了你. SheaswellasyouisanEnglishteacher． (并列主语)她像你一样也是英文教师.a)also用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句中，常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisalsoateacher.我的爸爸是一位老师，我妈妈也是老师。b)either用于否定句中,置于句末.Ican’tspeakFrench..Jennycan’tspeakFrench,either我不会说法语,詹妮也不会.1)太too+adj.=muchtoo+adj.太….Much用来加强语气toomany+可数名词复数toomuch+不可数名词1.with的用法【解析】1)使用Iwritewithapen2)和playwithsb和某人一起玩3)具有，带有Ihaveahousewithagarden【拓展】with的复合结构1)with或without-名词/代词+形容词Shecameintotheroom,withhernoseredbecauseofcold.(with+名词+adj.，作伴随状语)2)with或without-名词/代词+副词Withthemealover,weallwenthome.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3)with或without-名词/代词+介词短语Theteacherenteredtheclassroomwithabookinhishand. Themasterwaswalkingupanddownwiththerulerunderhisarm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）4)with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式作条件状语 Helayinthedarkemptyhouse,withnotaman,womanorchildtosayhewaskindtome.(with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语)Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）5)with或without-名词/代词+分词Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）注：若要否定AB两者用withoutAorBHelivedalonelylifewithoutfriendsorfamily.2.与穿有关的表达：1)wear“穿、穿着、戴着”,强调状态.wear后面接可穿戴的东西,也包括眼镜、首饰等,可用于进行时态.2)puton“穿上、戴上”,指“穿”的动作,反义词为“takeoff”.3)haveon指“穿”后状态,后可接衣服、帽子、鞋子等能穿戴的东西,但它不能用于进行式.Hehasonabluecoattoday.今天他穿一件蓝上衣。4)bein表示状态,后接衣服,也可接表颜色的单词.5)dress“给…穿衣”。dresssb.给某人穿衣，dressup盛装打扮，dressupas装扮成，bedressednin=wear穿着1.familyn.1)作为“家庭”讲是一个整体，可数名词。afamily一个家庭twofamilies两个家庭2)作为“家人”讲，是集合名词，谓语动词用复数。【拓展】：英语集合名词用法分类第一类 形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数family，team，class，audience，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义第二类 形式为单数，但意义永远为复数cattlepeople，police,其用法特点为：只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与a(n)连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。第三类 形式为复数，意义也为复数goods,clothes，其用法特点是：只有复数形式，但通常不与数词连用。第四类 形式为单数，意义也为单数baggage/luggage,clothing,furniture,machinery,poetry,sceneryjewelry,equipment,其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。注：machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine,poem,jewel,scene等。第五类 补充几个常考的集合名词1.mankind是一个不可数的集合名词，不用复数形式，也不连用冠词。如： Mankindhasitsownproblems.2.fruit作为集合名词，它通常是不可数的。如： Hedoesn’teatmuchfruit.但是，当要表示种类时，它可视为可数名词，即afruit指一种水果，fruits指多种水果。比较：Somefruitshavethickskins.有些水果皮很厚。Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水果。2.all【辨析】1)all全，都，代词，表示三者及三者以上的所有，用于肯定句中。位于be/助动词/情态动词之后。2)none表示三者及三者以上的都不，表示否定含义。3)both全，都，表示两者之间的都，用于肯定句中。4)neither表示两者中都不，否定含义【拓展】all的基本用法1) all修饰作主语的名词时,其位置在主语和行为动词之前,但必须放在be动词､助动词或情态动词之后｡当be动词是句子中最后一个词时, all要放在be动词之前; They are all English teachers. 2)all也可以放在直接宾语或间接宾语之后,但这个宾语必须是us, you等人称代词; I have eaten them all. 3)nall指三个或三个以上的人或物“都”,其反义词是none; both指两个人或物“都”,其反义词是neither;I have three brothers. All of them are sports fans. 【注意】不说“all + 代词”,应说“代词 + all”或“all of + 代词”｡All of them like English stories very much. 【巩固练习】：一、用too，either，also，aswell填空1.Makingsoupisnoteasy,andbeingagoodchefisnoteasy,____.2.Hegavemeadviceandmoney____.3.Hewillgototowntomorrow,Ishall____go.4.Ican’tplaythepiano.Hecan’t,____.5.Myfatherlikesreading,andIdo,____.二、用表示“穿”的词语填空。1.Theboy______blackismybrother.2.It’scoldoutside._______(穿上)yourcoat,Jack.三、根据括号里的提示填空。1.Ihaveabig______(家庭).2.Myfamilyoften_____(watch)TVonFriday.3.Weare_____goodstudents.(all,both)答案：1.either2.aswell3.also4.either5.too答案：in,Puton答案：family,watch,all1.something/anthing/someone/everyone等复合不定代词的用法【解析】不定代词some,any,no与-one,-body,-thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是：someoneanyonenoonesomebodyanybodynobodysomethinganythingnothing这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。1)因为some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句，no表示完全否定，因此由some,any,no与-one,-body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。2)第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指代。*Thereissomeoneinyouroffice.Canyouhearthemtalking?(你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗？)3)第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如：*Therewassomethingwrongwiththecarsohehadtostoppedit.*Helookedatmeanddidn’tsayanything.*Nothingcanbedonetosaveherlife.4)这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如：*Somebodyimportanthasarrived,I’msure.(important修饰somebody)5)something等复合不定代词做主语谓语动词用单数Nothingismoreimportantthanhealth.没有什么比健康更重要。6)something/anything/nothing等不定代词后面如果有动词，多用to+动词不定式nIhavesomethingtodrink.我想要些喝的。【拓展】不定代词some、any的用法区别1)some:修饰可数名词的复数以及不可数名词，用于肯定句中及征求意见的一般疑问句中Ihavesomeflowers.Wouldyoulikesomeflowers?Yes,please.No,thanks.2)any:修饰可数名词的复数以及不可数名词，用于否定句和一般疑问句中，肯定句中表任何。1.somemorefood一些食物twomoreapples=anothertwoapples再来两个苹果Iwillstayanotherfivemonths.=Iwillstayfivemoremonths.【注意】1)当其中的数词为one时，我们可以说onemore，但一般不用anotherone。Hedecidedtohaveonemoretry.Surelyyoucanputitoffonemoreweek.IwaswonderingifImustaskyouonemorequestion.2)在意义上该用anotherone的地方，英语通常只用another。如：She’sgoingtohaveanotherbaby.她又快有孩子了。It’scoldIneedanotherblanket.太冷了——我再要一条毯子。不过，如果其中的one不是数词，而是代词，则可以用anotherone。如：Thispendoesn’twork.Imustbuyanotherone.这支钢笔坏了。我该另买一支了。Yourcar,whichInoticedoutside,hasbeenhitbyanotherone.我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。2.therebe(is/are/was/were)句型用法【解析】肯定句：1)thereis+可数名词的单数/不可数名词+地点。Thereisanappleonthedesk.桌上有个苹果。Thereissomewaterinthebowl.碗里有些水。2)thereare+可数名词的复数+地点Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌上有些书。3)therebe“就近原则”Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.桌上有一本书和两支笔。Therearesomepensandabookonthedesk.桌上有两本书和一支笔。否定句：Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可，注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，nota/an/any+n.相当于no+n.Therearesomepicturesonthewall.墙上有一些图片。Therearen'tanypicturesonthewall.=Therearenopicturesonthewall.墙上没有图片。一般疑问句:Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）ThereissomewateronMars.→IsthereanywateronMars?火星上有水。【拓展】therebe与have的区别ntherebe：表示的某地存在有某物have：表示的是物和主语之间的所属关系Thereisacarinthepark.（公园里存在一辆车）Ihaveacar.(车是属于我的)1.maybe与maybe的用法：【解析】1)maybe：副词,意思是“也许、可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首.Maybeshe’llcomethisafternoon.今天下午她可能会来。Maybeyouputtheletterinyourpockets.你也许把信放口袋里了。2)在maybe中,may是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“也许是、可能是”.Ican’tfindmywatch.Itmaybeinyourpocket.我找不到手表了，可能在你的口袋里。Hemaybeasoldier.他也许是个士兵。3)maybe和maybe可相互转换.Hemaybeintheoffice.=Maybeheisintheoffice.2.share的用法【短语】sharesthwithsb和某热分享某物Ishareabedroomwithmysister.我和我姐姐共用一间卧室。sharen.份额，股份3.honest的用法【解析】anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩【拓展】honest-dishonest前缀un-，in-和im-,dis-表否定：前缀含义用法un-不,非，没有certain-uncertain;comfortable-uncomfortable;important-unimportant;interesting-uninteresting;able-unable;friendly-unfriendly;happy-unhappy;healthy-unhealthy;kind-unkind;lucky-unlucky;tidy-untidy;usual-unusual;helpful-unhelpful;popular-unpopular;fair-unfair;pleasant-unpleasantin-active-inactive;correct-incorrect;complete-incomplete;direct-indirectim-patient-impatient;possible-impossible;polite-impolite;proper-improperdis-honest-dishonest【巩固练习】：一、选择1.—What'swrongwithmyson,doctor?—_________.Justacold.（2007年4）nA.SomethingseriousB.SerioussomethingC.NothingseriousD.Serious1.Theschool’smusicgroupwillbegivingabigshowtomorrownightandtwo_________ontheweekend.A.moreB.otherC.elseD.another2.Howmany____arethereinthepicture?A.womanB.womenC.buyD.milk3.she______knowsthisthing.A.maybeB.maybeC.may一、填空1.Ifsomeonedoesn’tshowgoodmannerstoothers,heorsheis(polite).2.Peoplefeel__________(happy)whentheyfacetoomuchstress.答案：CABA答案：impoliteunhappy1.get/bereadytodo准备做某事get/bereadyforsth为…做准备bereadytodo=bewillingtodo乐意做某事HeisreadytogotoShanghai.他准备去上海。Hegetsreadyforhisexamthesedays.他这几天在为考试做准备。Heiswillingtohelpoldpeople.他乐意帮助老人。2.haveproblems(in)doingsthhavedifficulty(in)doingsthhavetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有困难Shehastrouble/difficulty/troubleinspeakingEnglish.她说英语有困难。3.lie的用法意思现在分词过去式过去分词lie躺，位于，在(vi.)lyinglaylain说谎(vi.)lyingliedliedlay平放，放、置(vt.)layinglaidlaid下蛋(vi.&vt.)1)Aroosterlyingonthegroundliedthathelaidaneggyesterday.一个躺在地上的老公鸡撒谎说他昨天下了一个蛋。2)Helayonthefloor,readingabook.他躺在地板上读书。Don’tlieinbedallmorning.不要一早晨一直躺在床上。ShanghailiestothesouthofBeijing.上海位于北京的南部。3)Hehasliedsincehischildhood.从童年他就开始说谎。I’msorryIliedtoyou.对不起我对你撒谎了。Hetellsalietome.(n.谎言)他对我撒谎了。n1)layanegg-下了一个鸡蛋(lay-laid-laid-laying平放放置Vt.、产卵)（小方法：一次生了两个一样的蛋。）Aboypickeditupandlaiditinthebag.一个小男孩把它捡起来放在了包里。Helaidthebookonthetable.他把书放在了桌子上。Don’tlayyourcoatonthebed.不要把外套放在床上。1.interesting有趣的adj.（修饰物品）interested有趣的adj.(修饰人)interest趣味n.使….感兴趣v.place(s)ofinterest名胜古迹beinterestedin+名词/动词ing=show/take/aninterestin+名词/动词ing对…感兴趣【拓展】常见的ing结尾的形容词修饰物，ed结尾的形容词修饰人encourage令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的astonishing令人惊呆的astonished惊呆的surprising令人惊奇的surprised感到好奇的moving令人感动的moved感动的frightening令人害怕的frightened害怕的terrifying令人恐惧terrified感到恐惧的puzzling令人困惑不解的puzzled感到困惑的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的tiring令人厌倦的tired感到厌烦的amazing令人惊讶的amazed感到惊讶的boring令人讨厌的bored感到厌烦的exciting令人兴奋的excited感到激动的touching触动人心的touched感动的embarrassing令人尴尬的embarrassed尴尬的2.agree的用法1)agreewith表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等(即持同一观点)。Iquiteagreewithyou.我非常赞同你。表示“与……一致”。Hisstoryagreeswiththefacts他的说法与事实一致。Averbmustagreewithitssubjectinpersonandnumber.动词必须与他的人称和数保持一致。2)agreeto后接某些名词，表示同意或接受某事，尤其指别人提出的某事，有时可能是自己不喜欢的事。Heagreetheplan(thedate).他同意这个计划。后接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号)或动名词(一般有逻辑主语，此时to是介词)。Weagreedtoleaveearly.我们同意早点离开。注：英语不说agreesbtodosth。如不说：nSheagreedmetogohome.1)agreeon[upon]主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。Canweagreeonaprice(adate)?你同意这个价格吗？Bothsidesagreedontheseterms.双方对这一事件表示赞同。注：在正式文体中，有时可省略介词on。如：Canweagreeaprice(date)?后接动名词，表示同意做某事。Heagreedonhelpingus.他同意帮助我们。注：与agreetodosth大致同义。所以上句也可说成：Heagreedtohelpus.【巩固练习】：一、选择1.Atthefootofthemountain________.A.avillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage2.Ifonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie3.Thehens_____50eggslastweek,butthisweektheyaren’t_____.A.lay,lyingB.laid,layingC.lay,layingD.lied,lying4.Thegirl______ontheground_____tomethatshehad_____thepurseonthedesk.A.lying,lay,laidB.lying,lied,laidC.lie,lied,layD.lay,lied,lain二、填空题1.Heiswiththesestories.(bore)2.Iaskedhimtohelpmeandhe_____.(agree)3.Iquite______theirsuggestions.(agree)4.Thedateforthenextmeetingwas______.(agree)5.Iquite_______whatyousaid.(agree)答案：BCBB答案：agreeagreetoagreeonagreewith1.主语+谓语动词+oneoftheadj.最高级+n.复数......之一【解析】Oneoftheadj.最高级+n.复数，作主语谓语动词用三单。Sheisoneofthemostbeautifulgirlsinourschool.OneofthelongestriversinChinaisChangjiang.2.be+adj.(friendly/nice/good/generous)+tosb.对某人友好/慷慨3.helpv.帮助helpsb.withsth.帮助某人某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事can’thelp/stopdoingsth.情不自禁做某事helponeself(tosth.)随便吃点什么(to后跟食物)givesb.ahelpinghand向某人伸出援手nhelpn.帮助with/withoutthehelpofsb.=with/withoutone’shelpbeofgreathelp=behelpfuladj.helpful乐于助人的—adv.helpfullyhelpless无助的—helplesslybehelpfulforsb.1.need1)n.inneed需要inneedofsth需要某物meettheneedsofsb.满足某人的需求2)作情态动词时，表“需要”，直接接动词原形，否定在need后面接not，疑问句提前need—Need/MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).3)作实意动词时，意为“需要”needtodosth需要做某事needsb/sth(not)todosth需要某人/某物做(不做)某事sth.needdoingsth=sth.needtobedone需要被做某事Theseflowersneedwatering.=Theseflowersneedtobewatered.2.voice一般指人发出的声音。人的说话声、歌唱声。sound可以指自然界的一切声音。noise一般指超过50分贝的、不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。【巩固练习】：一、选择1.—Lookatthepicture.Whoisthegirl?—Don’tyouknowsheisSharapova?Sheisoneof_________.A.bestwomantennisplayerB.bestwomentennisplayersC.thebestwomantennisplayerD.thebestwomentennisplayers2.Mum,you’rewantedonthephone.ItsoundslikeMrsLee’s_________.A.soundB.voiceC.noiseD.word3.Myfriendisvery_______.Heoften_________hisclassmatesinneed.A.help;helpsB.helpful;helpC.helpful;helpsD.helps;helpful4.Shealwayshelpsme__________myhomework,andIusuallyhelpher____________Maths.A.todo,withB.doing,todoC.todo,doingD.with,doing二、填空题1.Heisalways________(friend)tohisfriends.2.他总是帮助有需要帮助的人。Healwayshelpspeople__________.n答案：DBCA答案：friendly；inneedChapter21.fitv.装，容纳；适合1)fitsth.容纳某物2)fit/suit/match区别：fit指大小、形状的合适，引申为吻合、协调。suit指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位，以及花色、款式等与某人的皮肤、气质、身材或身份相称；多用adj.besuitablefor…“适合于…”match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等的搭配。3)fitadj.fit:意为“健康的，强健的”，指经常锻炼而使体型匀称healthy:意为“健康的，指身体无疾病”well:意为“健康”，指身体一时的好转keepfit/healthy保持健康【拓展】：fitnessn.healthn.healthy/unhealthyadj.healthily/unhealthilyadv.2.knock...onto把....撞到地上knockon撞击撞出；敲击（门、窗）knockat敲（门、窗等）knockoff击倒；停工；中断knockdown击倒；拆卸knockatthedoor敲门；把……撞倒knockout击倒；打破；使筋疲力竭knockitoff停止做；住口，别再讲下去了knockonthedoor敲门knockover打翻；撞倒knockin（把钉子）钉入knockonwood敲木头，企求好运；吉人天相knockinto撞上；与…相撞knockoffwork敲落工作；歇工3.worryv.(三单：worries,过去式/过去分词：worried)1)worry及物动词：sth.worrysth./sb.担心某人/某事不及物动词：sb.worryaboutsth.担心某事2)worriedadj.令人担忧的beworriedaboutsb./sth.担心某人/某事3)worryn.做担心，烦恼时不可数，做令人担心的事儿，或令人烦恼的事的时候，可数。4.secretn.秘密(可数名词-s)keepasecret=keepsecrets保守秘密secretadj.秘密的keepitsecret保守秘密5.anytime&anytime1)anytime“在任何时候，随时”；time是名词，该短语可以与at连用anytime“任何时候”；副词，不可语介词连用n1)sometime是名词词组，意为“一段时间”可与将来时连用，也可与过去时连用sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，多与将来时连用sometimes意为“几次，几倍”，表示次数或倍数sometimes意为“有时，不时”，是频率副词，常与一般现在时或过去时连用【巩固练习】：一、选择1.—TheT-shirtreally________yournewskirt.—Butitdoesn’t________mewell.It’stoosmall.Whatapity!A.fit;matchB.matches;fitC.fits;fitD.matches;match2.—YesterdayTommywalkedpastmytableand________mybowlsanddishes.—Heshouldbecarefulnexttime.A.knockedoffB.tookoffC.showedoffD.turnedoff3.Whensomething__________us,weshouldtrytoshareourproblemswithourfriends.A.worriesaboutB.isworriedaboutC.worryD.worries4.Thevolunteersarereadytohelppeople_____________.A.sometimeB.atanytimeC.anytimeD.sometimes二、填空题1.Themeetingroomislargeenoughto_________(容纳)2000people.2.Weshouldkeep_________(secret)foreachotherbecausewearegoodfriends.答案：一：BADC二：fit;secrets1.past,across,through辨析past副词，past做名词时是“过去”inthepast,atpresent,in(the)futureacross介词，穿过(从表面穿过)walkacrosscross动词，crosstheroad=walkacrosstheroadthrough穿过（从内部穿过）；Aliceissmallenoughtogothroughthedoor.通过；Ilearnaboutthehistorythroughbooks.贯穿始末Wescreamedthroughtheride.lookthrough浏览pass动词，通过passtheexam2.多个形容词修饰名词位置关系：“美小圆旧黄，法国木书房”：abeautifulsmallroundFrenchwoodenstudy①冠词、指示代词（this,those等）→②所有格（my,Tom's等）→③序数词（first等）→④基数词（two等）→⑤特征、特性（常含主观看法；good等）→⑥大小、长短、高低→⑦年龄、温度、新旧→⑧形态、形状→⑨颜色→⑩国籍、地区、出处、来源→⑾物质、材料→⑿用途、类别、目的→被修饰的名词3.because+句子,引导原因状语从句becauseof+名词/名词词组4.wouldlikenwouldlike意为“想要”，与want意义相同，但语气更委婉。Wouldlike可与任何人称连用，没有人称和数的变花，肯定句中would常跟在主语后面缩写为’d1）wouldlikesth.I’dlikeacupoftea.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(期待对方给予肯定回答时，some不用变any)肯定回答：Yes,I’dlike/loveto./Certainly./Yes,thankyou./Yes,thanks.否定回答：No,thankyou.2）wouldlike(sb.)todosth.I’dlikeyoutomeether.1.remember/forget/goon/stop/try/mean/start/begin接动词不定式与动名词的区别remembertodosth.记得要做某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事doingsth.记得做过某事doingsth.忘记做过某事goondoingsth.继续做原来的事stopdoingsth.停止做某事todosth.继续做别的事todosth.停下来，去做另一件事trydoingsth.尝试做某事meantodosth.计划做某事todosth.尽力做某事doingsth.意味着begin/starttodosth.开始做另一件事doingsth.开始做同一件事【巩固练习】：一、选择1.Walk_______thewhitebuildingandgo_______thestreet.Thenyouwillfindthepark.A.pass;crossB.past;crossC.pass;acrossD.past;across2.—Wouldyoulike____coffee?—_______.A.any;Yes,please.B.some;Yes,thankyouC.any;No,thanks.D.some;No,Idon’twantany.3.Tom_____likeMarry_______hishomework.A.would;doC.woulds;todoB.woulds;doD.would;todo4.Jayhasbeendrivingthewholeday,sohestops_______arest.A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.tohaving5.Tomforgot______hishomework,soheisverynervouswhentheteacherchecksstudents’homework.A.doingB.todoC.doD.did二、填空题1.___heisill,heisabsenttoday.2.Heisnotatschool___hisillness.3.Hecan’tcome___theheavyrain.4.Welikephysics___wecanlearnalotofideas.【答案】：一：DBDBB二：Because；becauseof；becauseof；Because2.befamousfor/as/ton1)befamousfor因为……出名，for后常接著名的原因。2)befamousas作为……出名，as后常接职业或产业的名词。3)befamoustosb.对某人来说是著名的。【同义词】：well-knownadj.著名的，众所周知的【反义词】：unknownadj.未知的，陌生的，默默无闻的【注】：infamousadj.声名狼藉的1.expensive/cheap/high/lowcheap(便宜的)/expensive(昂贵的)这两个形容词是用来形容东西本身的价值【辨析】：cheap&inexpensive辨析cheap廉价的inexpensive物美价廉的而low(低的)/high(高的)则是用来形容价格(price)、花费(cost)、收入(income)、赋税(tax)、费用(fee)等等实质金钱上的名目。2.身高/体重1)身高：height，不可数名词，其形容词形式为high；2)weight：体重，重量，不可数名词；与其相关的一些短语：putonweight增重；loseweight减肥3)length长度width宽度3.hear/see后接动词原形以及分词的不同含义hear/seesb.dosth.听见/看见某人做事的全过程；（被动语态里需要加上to）hear/seesb.doingsth.听见/看见某人正在做某事。【拓展】：同样用法的词还有：五看三使两听一感觉：五看：see/watch/notice/observe/lookat三使：let/have/make两听：hear/listento一感觉：feel4.other/theother/others/theothers/another1)other可以作形容词用，后面常跟复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”，谓语动词用原形。Wherearehisotherbooks?Ihaven'tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.2)other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“theother”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one...,theother...”句型，适用于两者之中。Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.other也可用于one…..theothers句型，表示多数中的一个是某样的，其他的是某样的。Therearefiveapplesonthedesk.Oneisgreen,theothersareyellow.3)other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”，为名词，后不可再接别的名词或代词；常与some搭配构成“some....,othersn...”句型，而且some+others<全部。Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.1)“theothers”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”,为名词，后不可再接别的名词或代词；也可与some搭配构成some….theothers句型，且some+theothers=全部。Wegothomeby4o'clock,buttheothersdidn'tgetbackuntil8o'clock.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.Thereare12applesonthedesk.Somearegiventome,theothersaregiventomysister.2)another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one连用。Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'tyou?Marydoesn'twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。I'mstillhungryafterI'vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.【巩固练习】：一、选择1.Mobilephonesarefamous__theyoung,andtheyarefamous____theirconvenienttalking.A.as,forB.for,toC.to,forD.as,to2.AudreyHepburnisfamous_____apopularactress.A.asB.toC.forD.by3.BWLis____,whilethepriceofthericeis_____.A.expensive,cheapB.high,lowC.expensive,lowD.high,cheap4.MissLiuthinksthatsheisveryfat,soshedoesn’thavedinnerto_______.A.putupweight.B.loseweightC.cutdownweightD.putupweights5.Youlookverytallandslim.What_____yourheight?A.isB.doesC.areD.do6.—MrLididn’tgotothecompany,doyouknowwherehehasgone?—No,buthewasseen______withoneofhisfriendat20:00yesterday.A.toleaveB.leaveC.toleavingD.leaving7.—EveryoneknowsthatCanadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.—Thatis,itislargerthan___countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.another8.Idon’tthinkthispenisquitegood.Pleaseshowme___,madam.A.OthersB.theotherC.anotherD.other9.Whereare_____boys?A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.others10.Ihave6pens,oneisblue,twoareyellow,___arered.A.othersB.theotherC.theothersD.another11.Thereare28studentsinourclass,10ofthemaregirls,and___areboys.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.other【答案】:CACBADACACB1.among/betweenamong：在…..中，介词，用于三者或三者以上；nbetween：在……之中，介词，多用于两者之中，也可用于三者中的每两者之间，常用语短语between…and…1.work1）作为动词工作，为不及物动词：Heworksasareacher.2）作为名词工作，劳动，作业：outofwork失业3）作为名词艺术品，常以复数形式出现，如worksofart2.V.+prep./V.+adv.代词放中间bringback取回call/ringup打电话carryon坚持cheerup使振奋cleanup清扫cutdown砍伐eatup吃光fixup修理getback取回giveaway/up/out捐赠/放弃/发放goover仔细检查；复习lookup查阅pickup捡起putaway收好lookup查阅handin上交handout分发lookover检查（身体）mixup混合pickup捡起putaway收好putdown放下putoff推迟;脱下puton穿上putup挂起sendup发射setoff激起setup建立shutdown把关上slowdown放慢takeback取回takedown拿下takeoff脱下takeout拿出thinkover仔细考虑thinkup想起tryon试穿tryout试验,尝试turndown把音量关小turnoff关闭turnon打开turnup把音量放大useup用完，用光wakeup叫醒workout结局,算出writedown写下3.nextto/nearby/beside/besides1)beside与besides:beside同near,closeto在…..旁边，在……附近。如atownnearthesea.besides:除……之外。如Twomenareherebesidesme.2)besides与nextto:nextto和beside在意思和用法上有非常多的不同。主要造成混淆的是在表示位置关系时，nextto是“紧邻”的意思，有紧挨着的意味；而beside是“在...旁边”的意思，没有紧挨着的意味。如Shesatdownnexttohimonthesofa.她紧挨着他在沙发上坐下了。(两个人靠在一起，意味着他们关系亲密)Shesatdownbesidehimonthesofa.她在沙发上坐下了，坐在他的旁边。(两个人没有靠在一起)3)by和beside均表示“在……旁边”,常可换用例：Thereisachairbythetable.桌子边上有一把椅子.Shestoodbythewindow.她站在窗边.Thehotelisbeside(/by)theriver.那家饭店在河边.Comeandsitbeside(/by)me.过来,坐在我边上.4)near表在……附近,表示的距离比by和beside稍远些,也时常换用例：Thereisatheatrenearhishome.他家附近有一家剧院.Don'tplayneartheroad.不要在马路附近玩.4.differentdifferent【形容词】不同的，个别的，与众不同的【短语】bedifferentfrom与…不同n【例句】Eg.SusanisdifferentfromAmy.苏珊和艾米不同。【短语】bedifferentin在…不同【例句】Thetwoboysaredifferentintheirtaste.这两个男孩兴趣是相异的。【拓展】1、difference【名词】区别，不同【可数名词】复数形式differences【短语】thedifferencebetween…and…….和…之间的区别makeagreatdifference有很大的差别。2、same【形容词】同一的，相同的，同样的【短语】thesameas…【例句】Hiswind-breakeristhesameasyours.他的风衣和你的一样。similar【形容词】相似的，类似的，同样的【名词】similarity相似点【短语】besimilarto与。。。相似Myproblemsaresimilartoyours.我的问题与你的类似。sbissimilarwithsth某人对某物比较熟悉（主语是人）sthissimilartosb某物对某人所熟悉（主语是物）【巩固练习】：一、选择1.Heisthetallestboy______the20students.A.AmongB.allC.betweenD.of2.Thesupermarketlies_______thehospitalandthebank.A.betweenB.nearC.amongD.to3.Shetakesmedicine______threemealseveryday.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.for4.—Tom,yourbooksareeverywhereonthedesk.—Oh,sorry,Iwill___rightaway.A.putthemawayB.putthemupC.putthemonD.putthemdown5.Oh,thedressisverybeautiful!MayI_________?A.tryonitB.tryitonC.putonitD.putitoff6.Putyourshoes___mine.A.besideB.besidesC.nearD.nearby二、填空题1.TomcomesfromEngland,buthecanspeakFrenchandChinese_____(except,beside,besides)English.2.Many_____(work)ofartwerestolenyesterdayinthemuseum.3.Zhanghas_______(work)atourschoolformanyyears.【答案】：一：AABABA二：besides;works;worked1.have….on/wear/put…on/in/on/dress的辨析【重点】haveasmileonone’sface面带微笑【解析】在某人的面部表情、化妆用介词on，例如脸上戴眼镜：wearglassesonone’sface.nmakeuponone’sface在某人脸上化妆【辨析】：dress,wear,puton,haveon,in 都含有“穿、戴”之意，但用法不同。1)in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。例如：Thisisapictureofayoungmaninablackcoat.这是一张穿着黑色外套的年轻人的照片。这里inablackcoat是youngman的定语。Heisinablacknylonjackettoday.今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。Inablacknylonjacket在这个句子里作表语。2)puton “穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如：Iwantyoutoputonthiscoatandthishat.我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。Putonyourheavywintercoatifyouaregoingout.如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。3)wear“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如：You’dbetterwearblueorblackpantswithblownshoes.穿棕色鞋子的时候,最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。Whydoesheoftenweardarksunglasses?他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜？4)dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给……穿衣服”。dressoneself或getdressed表示给自己穿衣服。例如：Mysonisnowabletodresshimself.我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。It’stimetowakeupandgetdressed!该起床穿衣服了。bedressedin=wear的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。Sheisdressedinafurcoat.她穿着毛皮大衣。5)dressup的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。I’dlikeyoutodressupformybirthdaypartytonight.今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。YoungkidsoftendressupandhavefunatHalloween.万圣节前夜，小孩子通常都乔装打扮，玩得很开心。dressupas….打扮成6)haveon的意思是“穿着，戴着”，例如：Ifyou'rewearingblackpantsyoushouldhaveonblackshoesandablackbelt.如果你穿着黑色长裤的话，你应该要穿黑色的鞋子，配黑色的皮带。I’llhaveonblackpantsandagrayshirttomorrow.明天我会穿一条黑色的长裤和一件灰色的衬衫。1.patientadj.有耐心的，能容忍的Heisapatientman.他是一个有耐心的人。bepatientwith…对…有耐心【反义词】：impatientTeachersshouldbepatientwithstudents.老师应该对学生有耐心。n.患者，病人Thepatientismuchbettertoday.这个病人今天好多了。patience【不可数名词】耐心Hedoesn’thavepatiencetowait.他没有耐心等待。patiently【副词】有耐心的nHetreatshispatientspatiently.1.receive指“收到”、“接到”。表示一种被动的行为；accept指“接受”，表示的是一种主动的行为，并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味。Eg.Hereceivedthepresent,buthedidn’tacceptit.他收到了礼物，但没有接受。1)两者之后均可接名词或代词作宾语，但不可接不定式。如：Heaskedhertomarryhimandsheacceptedhim.他向她求婚，她同意了。注意：不可说…sheacceptedtomarryhim. 2)表示“接见”、“接待”时，应用receive，不用accept.Shewaswarmlyreceived.她受到热情接待。2.advise词条用法例句advicen.（不可数）意见,建议takeone’sadvice接受某人的意见askforadvice寻求意见Herefusedtotakemyadvice.他拒绝接受我的建议。advisev.建议advisesbtodosth.Headvisesmetoreadmorebooks.他建议我多读书。拓展：suggestion[可数]意见，建议suggestv.1)suggestdoingsth.建议做某事他建议坐飞机去，可我认为这样花费太大。正：Hesuggestedgoingbyplane,butIthoughtitwouldcosttoomuch.误：Hesuggestedtogobyplane,butIthoughtitwouldcosttoomuch.2)suggest后接宾语从句时，从谓语既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，其区别与suggest所表示的意思有关：1.若suggest表示“建议”，则其后接的that从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。如：Isuggestedthatsheshouldgohome.我建议她回家去。2.若suggest表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义，则其后接的that从句要用陈述语气。如：Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他说的话表明他是个骗子。AreyousuggestingthatI’mnotsuitedforthejob?你的意思是说我不适合做这工作?3.decide词条用法ndecidev.决定decidesth.decidetodosth.决定做某事decisionn决定makeadecisiontodosth.=makeupone’smindtodosth.决定做某事【巩固练习】：一、选择1.Youhavetobe_____andwaituntilIfinishmywork.A.PatientB.strictC.honestD.active2.Thetwinsaredifferent_____characters.A.InB.atC.fromD.to3.Shealways____asmile____herfaceandlookscute.A.wears,inB.has,onC.wear,atD.have,on4.Heis_____withhis______patiently.A.patient,patientsB.patient,patienceC.patiently,patient5.Tomissimilar______herhometownwherehehaslivedinhischildhood.A.inB.toC.withD.at6.Themostoutstanding_____________thesistersispersonality.A.difference,betweenB.difference,inC.different,amongD.different,at二、填空题1.Shehashispresent,butshewillnotit.她收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。2.IadvisedMikeandhe.我建议迈克戒烟，他接受了我的意见。3.Theexpressiononhisfacethatyesterday.昨天，他脸上的表情表明他很生气。4.Thedoctorseveryday.医生们建议每天刷牙。5.我们决定下周进行一次旅行【答案】：一：AABABA1.fixv.固定eg.Wefixedapictureonthewall.v.修理，安装eg.Idon’tknowhow(fix)mybicycle.【相关短语】：fixattentionon ...集中注意力于......=payattentionto...adj.fixed固定的inafixedorder2.livelyadj充满活力的eg.I looked a bit stiffwhile they were so lively.生动的eg.Itwasa lively meeting/lesson.【区分】lively、living、alive、livenlively有生气的定语或表语,既可指人,又可指物.alivelygirlHetoldaverylivelystory.他讲了一个生动的故事。living活的（有生命的）主要用作定语，常置于所修饰的名词之前alivingcat也可做表语，修饰人或物此时相当于alivealive活着的定语或表语，既可指人，也可指物，做表语可和living互换。做定语时后置。（无比较级和最高级）Heisdead，buthisdogisstillalive/living.live活的，活着的做定语，一般修饰物（一般不比较live,了解)1.dependon/upon...1)依赖，依靠eg.Mywifeanddaughterdependonmefortheirliving.Idependonmypenforaliving.2)取决于eg..Alldependsontheweather.Youradvancementdependsonyourworth.dependentadj.【反】：independentdependencen.【反】：independence2.insomeways在某些方面Youarebraveinsomeways.way的相关短语：inthisway用这种方法bytheway顺便说一下，顺便问一下intheway妨碍，挡道alltheway一直，至始至终=allthetimeonone’swaytosp在去某地的路上（onone’swayhome）3.believesb./sth.相信某人（说的话)/相信某事（真实）eg.Ibelievehim=Ibelievewhathesays我相信他（的话）believeinsb./sth.=trustsb./sth.信任某人（人品）/信仰（宗教）eg.Ibelieveinhim．=Itrusthim我相信他是一个可以信得过的人eg.Ithinkwecanreadaboutanimalsignsforfun,butweshouldn’tbelieveinthem.【巩固练习】：一、选择1.—Look!Therearesomanywildbirdsonthetreesnowafterthelongwinterdays.—Yes.Manyendangeredbirdsarestill_______unexpectedlyandnowtheforestis________.A.lively;livingB.live;aliveC.alive;livelyD.lively;alive二、填空题1.Animalsignsappearina(fix)order.2.Lifeinthecountrysideisbetterthanthatinthecity___________________.Forexample,theairisfreshthere.3.Icookedthis___________________youshowedme.4.___________________,whereismycoat?5.Yes,___________________hehasbeenverysuccessful.6.Wereadsomestoriesaboutghostsforfun,butwedon’t___________________(believe)ghosts.7.Success___________________(取决于)notluckbuthardwork.nChapter31.meanv意思是，意味着meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事n.meaning意思，含义meaningfuladj.有意义的meaninglessadj.无意义的themeaningof.........的意思、含义what’sthemeaningof...?=whatdoes...mean?2.use1)usev使用，利用usesthtodosth用某物做某事usesthforWeusecomputerstosearchforinformation.Weusecomputersforinformation.2)使用，用途makeuseof 使用，利用inuse 在使用中nouse 没用的，白搭beused被使用beusedtodosth.=beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事usedtodosth.过去常常做某事3.formv.形成beformedby...由...形成n.形式intheformof...以...形式eg. Thedonationaregiven intheformof money.表格eg.They gave us each a form to fillin.4.includev.包括includingprep.包括includedprep.包括including+宾语=宾语+included.5.try1)tryone'sbest(todosth)尽某人最大努力(去做某事)2)trytodosth.设法做某事，尽力做某事.侧重尽力，为了达到目的而努力。e.g.Hetriedtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.他设法提前完成这件工作。3)trydoingsth.试着做某事，试验做某事.只是一种新的尝试，并没有一定明显的目的性e.g.-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange?managev.管理，经营；设法完成managetodosth.成功地做到（了）某事(是有明确结果的)managedtodosth.=succeededindoingsth【巩固练习】：一、填空题1.Whatdoestheword“movie”meaninBritishEnglish?=___________________________________________________________2.Missingthetrainmeans_________________(wait)forthenextone.3.Imean_________________(go),butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.4.Woodisusedtomaketables.=5.Iused(get)uplate,butnowI’musedto(get)upearlyeveryday.6.Skimmingisoften(use)whenweread.n1.—Isittruethatsomeofyourpersonality（由…形成）nature?—Yes,itis.2.Thereare40studentsintheclassroom,me.3.Personality(include)yourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviourswhichmakeyoudifferentfromotherpeople.4.Hetheworkintime.他总算按时完成了任务。5.Hethinkshecandoanythingifhe(尽他所能).1.recommend动词，意思是“推荐，介绍；劝告，建议”。其结构有：1) recommend sb....(=recommend...tosb.) “向某人推荐／介绍……”.例如：Canyourecommendmeagooddentist?你能给我推荐一个好的牙医吗?Perhapsyoucanrecommendmeanotherhotel.或许你能给我再介绍一家旅馆。2) recommend sb. for...“推荐某人做(某职位)”。例如：I'llrecommendhimforthejob.我要推荐他做这项工作。3) recommendsb.as...“推荐某人为……”（某种身份）例如：I'llrecommendhimashersecretary.我要推荐他当她的秘书。4)recommendsbtodosth.建议某人做某事Irecommendyoutobuythisdictionary.5)recommenddoingsth.“建议做某事”。例如：Irecommendbuyingthisdictionary.(=Irecommendyout0buythisdictionary.)我建议你买这本词典。【点拨】recommendationn．推荐，介绍2.beafraidof.....害怕....(fear)Sheisafraidofthedarkness.她害怕黑暗。【扩展】1)beafraid+从句Hewasafraidthathecouldnotdothework.2)beafraidtodosth.表示不敢，指凭经验和一般常识不敢做某事。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusbandup,forhewasinabadtemper.她不敢吵醒她的丈夫，因为他近来心情不好。3)beafraidnot恐怕不/beafraidso恐怕是（用于回答别人的问题）3.absent的用法1)用作形容词，表示“做某事缺席”，其后常接介词from：Hewasabsentfromschool.他没有到校。2)用作动词，是及物动词，常接反身代词作宾语。表示“做某事缺席”，其后也接介词from：3)Heabsentedhimselffromthemeeting.他开会缺席。4)点名时，若自己在场用Here或Present(到，有)回答；若自己不在场，旁人可用Absent(不在)回答。5)注意派生词：absencen.缺席，不在。表示“做某事缺席”，其后也接介词from：Theteacherwasangryathisabsencefromthemeeting.老师对他开会缺席很生气。4.hopev.希望，期望，愿望1)hopeforsthe.g.Wehopeforanearlyanswertoourletter.我们希望早点得到回信。2)hopetodosthe.g.Ihopetogotocollege.我希望去上大学。n1)hope+that从句e.g.Ihopethatwecanwinthegame.我希望我们可以赢得比赛。【辨析】：hope和wish的区别：1)hope表达实现的可能性较大的愿望，wish表达的愿望实现的可能性较小。因此，hope的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，wish的宾语从句可用宾语从句。hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语，可跟for+名词，表示可实现的“希望”，wish虽也跟for+名词，但表示难实现的“愿望”。hope和wish可跟that从句，但hope+that表示希望wish+that表示“愿望”，且从句动词用虚拟语气Ihopeyou’llbebettersoon.Ihopeforsuccess.我希望成功。ThestudenthopesthatyoucanhelphimwithhisEnglish.(can不用could代替)TheyhopethattheywillvisitChinasomeday.(will不用would代替)HowIwishIwereabirdandflytothemoon.(动词不用hope.)2)“希望某人干某事”应说：wishsbtodosth.不能说：hopesbtodosth.Allparentswishtheirchildrentobehappy.(动词不能用hope)3)在祝语中常用“wishsb+宾语补足语”，而hope没有这样的句型。Iwishyouahappynewyear.Iwishyouagoodjourney.4)在答语中常用hopeso/hopenot表达“希望如此”和“希望不是这样”1.learn1)vt.学习，学会learntodosth2)vt.得知，了解3)vi.学，学习Theboylearnsfastandwell.4)vi.听说，了解到（of/about）I’msorrytolearnofhisillness.learn与study表学习的区别learn“学习”，指知识与技能的学习，侧重于学习成果，有掌握了的意思，多用于学习的初级阶段。如：Hestudiedhardandfinallylearnedthenewwords.Study“学习”，侧重学习的过程。尤指通过阅读进行知识的学习。另外还用于较深或周密的研究。【短语】learnbyoneself自学learnfrom向........学习learn...byheart背下来，熟记【巩固练习】：一、填空题1.老师建议我们亲手做这个实验。_________________________________________________________2.他昨天没来上班。_________________________________________________________3.我已经把单词熟记下来了。_________________________________________________________【答案】：1.Theteacherrecommendsustodotheexperimentwithourownhands.2.Hewasabsentfromworkyesterday.n3.Ihavelearnedthewordsbyheart.1.organizeVt.1)组织；编组organizeanarmy组织军队2)安排；使有系统organizeone’swork筹划工作3)给.....化妆【词形变换】organized有组织的；安排有序的bewellorganized井然有序organization组织organizer组织者2.abornartist一个天生的艺术家bornadj.天生的birthn.出生1)beborn“出生”为被动语态,be动词通常用was或were，born为bear的过去分词。bear-bore-born2)bebornwith意为“天生具有…”例：Shewasbornwithweakeyesight.她天生视力差。Hewasbornwithaverygoodmemory.他生来记性好。3)beborn+形容词（名词）例：Shewasbornhappy.她生来就很幸福。 HewasbornFrench.他生为法国人。4)beborntodosth注定会…例：Shewasborntosucceedinlife.她生来注定会成功。【拓展】birthn.出生atbirth在出生时3.impress动词，“给.....留下印象”impressionn.印象【搭配】：impresssbwithsth=sthimpresssb例：Heimpressedmewithhisexcellentdrawingskills.=Hisexcellentdrawingskillsimpressedme.4.searchsearch,searchfor,lookfor辨析：1)search指“搜查某地或搜身”，其宾语可以是房屋、人身、衣袋等名词。如：Theysearchedtheirhomeswithoutanyreason.他们毫无理由地搜查了他们的家。Theysearchedhimbutfoundnothing.他们搜了他的身，但没有找到什么。2)searchfor则指“搜寻、搜索某人或物”。如：Theysearchedforhimeverywhere.他们到处搜寻他。Thepolicesearchedthewoodforthelostchild.警察在树林里寻找走失的孩子。试比较：Theysearchedhisclothes.他们搜查了他的衣服。（看是否藏有东西）Theysearchedforhisclothes.他们在搜寻他的衣服。（要找到衣服）另外，search也可用做名词，insearchof“寻找、寻求”是个常见短语。如：Theboyswentinsearchofsomethingtoeat.孩子们去找东西吃。3)lookfor意为“寻找”，同searchfor意义大体相同。但searchfor意味较强，用很大注意力搜寻。而lookfor则较为通俗，常用于日常用语。如:Ilookedformymissingpeneverywhere.我到处找我丢失的那支笔。5.giveup放弃，停止，后面可以接宾语也可以不接宾语n例：Thegirlgaveuphalfway.这个女孩中途放弃。Don'tgiveuphope.不要放弃希望。【提示】giveupdoing=stopdoingsth“放弃做某事，停止做某事”代词作宾语时，需要放在give和up的中间。例：Englishisveryimportant.Youcan’tgiveitup.【拓展】：giveup&givein辨析giveup意为“放弃”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。givein意为“让步，屈服”，其后不可接宾语，如果接宾语的话，需加“to”。【巩固练习】：一、选择题1.（2015江苏苏州工业园区期中）Lucy______thewholeclass_____herhighmarks.A.impressed;byB.hasimpressed;withC.made;byD.hasmade;with2.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching3.（2015连云港）InthesongIBetMyLife,theUSrockbandImagineDragontellspeopleneverto_______catchingtheirdreams.A.giveupB.giveoutC.giveinD.giveoff4.（滨州中考）Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Youhadbetter________.A.setitupB.giveitupC.pickitupD.lookitup二、填空题1.这场足球比赛组织地很好。___________________________________________________________________2.Heistallandstrongnow,butyoucan’timagineheweighedonly2kilos______________.3.这个女孩给她的朋友留下了活泼和幽默的印象。Thegirlherfriendslivelinessandhumor.【答案】：一：BBAB二：Thefootballmatchiswellorganized.;atbirth;impressed;with;1.takethelead领先，带头leadn.领先地位；榜样taketheleadinsth在...某方面领先；taketheleadindoingsth带头做某事例：Japanhastakentheleadincarproduction.【拓展】lead动词，意为“领导；引导；带领或引导某人做某事lead名词，意为“主角，扮演主角的演员”用法：playthe/alead（role）扮演主角leadtosth./doingsth.导致......leadsb.tosp.带领某人去某地leadsb.todosth.引导某人做某事2.fallbehind落后,可以用作不及物动词短语，还可以用作及物动词短语，意为：落后于.....例：Ifyoudon’tworkhard,youwillfallbehind.Idon’twanttofallbehindotherstudents.【拓展】falldown“摔倒；倒塌”；fallover“摔倒”；falloff“从…跌落”，falloff相当于falldownfrom.n1.takeonnewchallenges接受新的挑战takeon意为“接受，承担”例：Nobodywastakenonsuchathanklesstask.没有人愿意承受这种费力不讨好的任务。【拓展】与take有关的短语：takeaway拿走；取走takedown取下来takeout拿出takeoff脱下；(飞机等)起飞takephotos＝takepictures照相take(good)careof(好好)照顾，照料takeone'stime别着急，慢慢来takeone'stemperature量体温takeplace发生takeback拿回，收回taketurns轮流takepartin参加takeaninterestin对……感兴趣takenotes做笔记，做记录takeiteasy从容，轻松，不紧张takemedicine吃药takeawalk散步takeashower淋浴，洗takeavacation去度假takecare当心；小心2.connect...to/with...与......相连，连接被动：beconnectedto/with...例：Couldyouconnecttheprintertothecomputer?3.missmissn.错误，过失;小姐，女士vt.错过，失去vt.想念，思念1)miss作及物动词，表示“错过；失去；没赶上”，后跟名词、代词或动名词。例：Bythetimewewerethere,we’dmissedthebeginningofthemovie.我们到那儿时，没有看到电影的开头。2)missvt.想念，后跟名词、代词例：Imissyouverymuch.我很思念你。3)missingadj.丢失的，不见了的相当于lost,一般用“be+missing”结构。例：Themissingletterwasinhispocket.那封遗失的信在他口袋里。4)Missn.小姐，用在姓氏前，专指未婚女性。Amissisasgoodasamile.失之毫厘,谬以千里【巩固练习】：一、选择题1.（2015常州）Mikeusedtobeatopstudent,buthe________behindsincehelosthimselfincomputergames.A.fellB.hasfallenC.wasD.hasbeen2.—Tom,_______yourT-shirtrightnow!Itlookssodirty.—Sorry,Mum.Iwasplayingfootballthewholeafternoon.A.takeoffB.takeonC.putoffD.puton3.Isthekeyboard__________thecomputerproperly?A.connecttoB.connectwithC.connectD.connectedto二、填空题1.主席做事总是一马当先，深受广大群众信任。Thechairmanalways_____________________ineverythingandisdeeplytrustedbythemasses.2.努力工作导致成功。Hardwork________________success.3.Hemissed_______（meet）herlastnight.【答案】：一、DADn二、takesthelead；leadsto；meeting1.affordafford用作动词，意为“买得起，有时间做”。affordtodosth.意为：买得起.......；承担得起，”通常与can,could,beableto连用，多用于否定句或一般疑问句。如：Canweaffordanewcar?我们能买得起一辆新车吗？Wecan’taffordtogoabroadthissummer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。2.payattentiontoeverydetail注意每个细节（to为介词+doingsth）pay(no)attentionto+(v-ing)sth.3.carelessnessn.粗心caren.小心，谨慎；carefuladj.小心，注意，谨慎；carelessadj.不小心的，粗心的；carelesslyadv.粗心地；【拓展】care相关短语:喜欢carefor照顾takecareof=lookafter注意、小心takecare=lookout4.can’tbetoocareful=canneverbetoocareful再怎么细心也不为过can’t/cannever.....too是固定句型，意为无论怎样....也不过分，越.....越好。如：例：Youcan’tpraisethebooktoomuch.这本书值得大加赞扬。Onecannotbetoomodest.一个人越谦虚越好。【拓展】can’thelpdoingsth=can’tstopdoing情不自禁做某事can’twaittodosth迫不及待做某事5.devotedevote用作动词，意为“致力于，奉献”，后面一般接oneself,one’slife,time,effort等，常与介词to连用，后接名词，代词或动词ing做宾语。如：Hedevotedhimselfentirelytomusic.他将自己完全奉献给了音乐。Pleasedevotemoretimetoyourwork.请你把更多的时间用于工作。HedevoteseachSundaytostudyingEnglish.他每周日都用于学英语。Shedevotedherselftotakingcareofpoorsickpeople.她致力于照顾贫病交加的人。【拓展】想一想：我们还学过哪些带介词to的短语呢？lookforwardtodoingsthpayattentiontosth/doingsthdevote…to…/bedevotedtosth/doingsthbeusedtodoingleadtodoingpreferdoingsthtodoingsth【巩固练习】：一、选择题1.（2015重庆）Theywalkedhomelastnightbecausetheycouldn’t_______totakeataxi.A.leaveB.buyC.affordD.allow2.—Somechildrencan’tafford________necessarystationery.—Let’sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.nA.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bebought1.Whenyouvisitamuseumyoushould______theinstructionsanddon’tbeagainstthem.A.comparewithB.lookforwardtoC.payattentiontoD.tryout2.Inagreenschool,everyoneagreestobe_________abouttheenvironment.A.nervousB.carefulC.honestD.rude3.—Ithinkit’simpossibleforustoworkouttheplaninjusttwodays.It’stoodifficult.—Youareright.Wecan’tbe______carefulwhileworkingonit.A.soB.veryC.tooD.more4.Althoughtheworkingmotherisverybusy,shestill_____alotoftimetoherchildren.A．spendsB.offersC.providesD.devotes一、填空题1.我认为在最近几年里我们已经对乡村留守儿童的教育问题给予了关注。（pay）Ithinkwe_________________________theeducationproblemsofchildrenleftbehindinvillagesinrecentyears.2.Hefailedtheexaminationbecauseofhis_________（care）.当你过马路的时候，你再小心也不为过。_____________________________________whenyoucrosstheroad.【答案】：一、CCCBCD二、havepaidattentionto；carelessness；Youcan’tbetoocareful/Youcanneverbetoocareful1.Extra&other1)extra额外的，另外的，含义是：在一定的范围之外添加的，extra所表达的不属于该范围的一部分。extra可以修饰可数名词及不可名词。如：Thereweresomanystudentsinthisareathattheschoolhadtoputonextraschoolbuses.这个地区学生人数太多，学校增加例额外的公共汽车。Thebossoftenmakestheworkersdoextrawork.老板经常让工人们加班。2)other另外的，其他的含义是：在一定范围内除去一部分以后的另一些，other所表达的属于该范围idea一部分。如：WestudyChinese,Math,Englishandotherlessons.我们学习语文，数学，英语和其他课程。Someboysaredrawingbythelake.Othersareclimbingthehill.一些男孩在湖边画画，另外一些男孩儿在爬山。2.operationn.手术operatev.给......做手术；操作短语：doanoperation/operationsonsb给某人做手术=operateonsb给某人做手术3.join,joinin,takepartin与attendjoin：后接表示团体的名词或表示人的词，指参加某种组织或某人的活动例如：HejoinedthePartyin1980.他是1980年入的党。Comeonandjoinusintheparty.快来参加我们的聚会吧。joinin：参加某项运动或活动，如参加讨论，游行罢工等例如：Thechildrenallliketojoininthegame.孩子们都喜欢参加游戏活动。takepartin:侧重参加某项群众性集体性的事业工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。attend意为“参加，出席”，多指参加或出席婚礼、葬礼或颁奖仪式等。4.spend,take,pay,cost辨析n【拓展】spend，take,pay,cost用法辨析词条用法spend（spent）常构成“sbspends/spend+时间、钱+on+名词/（in）doing”句型。意为“花时间/钱在某事物上/做某事”Ispent100元onthebike.我花了100块买下那辆自行车Shespentthewholeafternooncleaningthewindowsandthefloors.她花了一个下午的时间打扫窗子和地板。take（took)多用于花费时间，常用句型是“Ittakes/tooksbsometimetodosth”意思是“某人花费时间做某事”Ittooktheboytwohourstofinishhishomework.这个男孩花了两个小时做作业Ittookmehalfanhourtoreviewthetext.我用了半小时复习教材。cost(cost)主语多为物，常用句型“sthcosts/cost(sb)somemoney”意思是“某物花了某人一些钱”Theshirtcostmefiveyuan.我买衬衫花了5元钱。pay(paid)意为“付款”，其主语为“人”，常用句型“sbpays/paid...forsth”意思是某人花…钱买…I’llpay10yuanforthebook.我要花10元钱买这本书。1.eatup吃光【注意】：代词宾格放中间，名词放中间或者后面eatthemupeattheappleup/eatuptheapple【拓展】类似的短语：useup用光，耗尽wakeup起床，醒醒cheerup使欢呼tryon试穿【巩固练习】：一、选择题1.—Waiter,$20fordinner,right?—I’mafraid$25,Sir,fordrinksare_________.A.freeB.extraC.highD.low2.ThetwinsaretalkingaboutthemovieFindingNimo.It’sfunto_______them.A.joinB.joininC.takepartinD.enter3.—Thisdresslooksbeautifulonyou.Howmuchisit?—It______memorethanathousandyuan.A.spentB.costC.tookD.paid4.Mrs.SmithoftengoestovisitthoseAIDSpatientsinhospitalstocheer_____up.A.herB.themC.himD.us二、填空题1.谁将给她做手术？_________________________________________________________【答案】：一、BABB二、Whowilldoanoperationonher？/Whowilloperateonher?nChapter41.creative,curious,energetic1)creativeadj.有创造力的，创造性的【与creative相关词性】词条用法createv.创造creationn.创造creatorn.创造者creativeadj.有创造力的creativelyadv.有创造力地creativityn.创造力，创造性2)curiousadj.好奇的【固定短语】becuriousabout对….好奇Eg.Danieliscuriousabouteverything.Helikesaskingquestions.3)energeticadj.精力充沛的nergyn.精力，能量【辨析】power/strength/energy/forcepower: 基本意思是“力，力量”，指人或国家甚至是某个机构的权力、势力或影响力。strength: 说人时，指“体力，力气”force: 主要指物理上的力、强制力量，暴力，武力等。energy: 主要指人的精力2.ordern.①次序，顺序；alphabeticalorder字母顺序②秩序，治安；Theyoungteachercan’tkeeporderinhisclassroom.那位年轻的教师无法维持课堂秩序。③命令，指示；Soldiersmustobeyorders.军人必须服从命令。④订购，订货单；Yourorderhasarrived.您的货已到。vt.①命令，指挥；Theyorderedhimtostop.他们命令他停下。②吩咐，嘱咐；Thedoctororderedmetorestforaweekortwo.医生嘱咐我休息一两个星期。③订购，预订；Heorderedaglassofbeer.他叫了一杯啤酒。【固定短语】：inorderthat为了，目的在于…inorderto为了…起见，以便ingoodorder有条不紊，整齐，情况正常inorder按照顺序outoforder次序紊乱，(机器等)失灵，出故障3.showoff意为炫耀【show的常用结构有】：showsb.sth.=showsthtosb把某物给某人看showsbaroundsomeplace带领某人参观某地nshowsboutof/into带领某人进/出sthshows/showedthat+从句某事表明...showsbthewayto...给某人指出...的路showup出现1.enough1)adj.作定语，可修饰可数名词与不可数名词Eg.Arethereenoughseatsfortenpersons?2)adv.“充分地，足够地”be+adj/adv+enough+(forsb)+todosth修饰adj和adv，且必须放在他们之后Eg.Thisroomislargeenoughforustosleepin.【一言以蔽之】：enough用于名前形后2.comeupwithnewideas想出新主意=thinkofnewideas【巩固练习】：一、选择题1.—Don’tyouthinkit_____ofsometeenagerstobecrazyaboutpopstars?—Well,Idon’tthinkso.Wewereonceyoungandhadthesimilarexperiences.A.creativeB.sillyC.wiseD.curious2.Noneofthemtalked.Theyfinishedtheirmealin______.A.silenceB.orderC.placeD.public3.AudreyHepburn,oneofthegreatestactresses,was______totakeonchallengesinherlife.A.enoughbraveB.braveenoughC.stupidenoughD.enoughstupid二、填空题1.翻译句子：Janeisamodesgirl,andshenever_________.简是一个谦虚的女孩，她从来不炫耀自己。2.翻译句子：他够认真，对所有事三思而后行。___________________________________________________________________3.翻译句子：他们很难在这么短的时间内想出新的办法。________________________________anewwayinsuchashorttime.【答案】：一、BAB二、showsoff；Heisseriousenoughtothinktwiceabouteverything.；It’shardforthemtocomeupwith3.mind(1)v.介意Would/Doyoumind+(sb's)doing...?e.g.Wouldyoumindmy/mesmokinghere?不介意的回答：No,notatall./No.OfcoursenotDoyoumindifsb.doessth...?e.g.DoyoumindifIsmokehere?介意的回答：I'dratheryoudidn't...I'msorry.../Sorry.../You'dbetternot.Wouldyoumindifsb.did...?(虚拟语气）eg:WouldyoumindifIbrokethenewstoyourson?n【短语拓展】：★nevermind别难过；没关系；不重要(2)n.思想，主意【短语拓展】：★makeupone'smind(s)；下决心★absenceofmind:心不在焉★ariseinone'smind/cometo[into]sb.'smind浮上脑际,涌现在头脑里★bear[keep]inmind记住,记在心里:★bring[call]toone'smind想起,回忆起★with....inmind把....搁在心上★onone’smind（有事）挂在心上，惦念★changeone’smind改变某人的想法1.agreatdealof+不可数名词“大量的”【拓展】英语中其他短语表示“大量；许多”类别用法例句修饰可数名词agood/greatmany,alarge/greatnumberof,scoresof等，谓语动词用复数形式。Agreat/goodmanywordsandexpressionshavecomeintothelanguagefromAmericanEnglish.这门语言吸收了美国英语中的许多单词和短语。修饰不可数名词alargeamountof等，谓语动词用单数形式。拓展：largeamountsof谓语动词用复数形式。Alargeamountofmoneyhasbeenspentonthenewhouse.新房子上花费了许多钱。既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词alotof,lotsof,plentyof等，谓语动词根据被修饰的名词是可数还是不可数来决定单复数形式。Therearealotof/lotsofpeopleinthatroom.那个房间里有许多人。There’salotof/lotsofriceinthebag.那只口袋里有许多大米。Wehaveplentyoftime.不要着急，我们有充裕的时间。2.辨析attend,join,joinin,takepartinattend正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。eg.attendschool/classattendameeting/wedding/alecturejoin加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。Eg.jointhearmy/Party/theYoungPioneerWillyoujoinusinthediscussion?He'lljoinusinsingingthesong.n加入某人joinsb.in(doing)sth.【注】：join是短暂性动词，如果和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的时候，需要改成beamemberof或者bein。joinin多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语eg.Comealong,andjoinintheballgame.快，来参加球赛。takepartin指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用eg.We'lltakepartinsocialpracticeduringthesummervacation.Lincolntookanactivepartinpolitiesandwasstronglyagainstslavery.1.tryoutforsth.参加......的选拔或试演Eg.Youwon’tmaketheteamifyoudon’ttryout.【短语拓展】：trytodosth.----努力做某事.trydoingsth.-----尝试做某事.tryafallwith与...较量一番tryback重新回到tryconclusionswith和...决胜负tryfor争取,谋求,申请tryiton(对...)耍花招tryon试穿,试验tryone'sbest尽力trysth.out试验,考验,提炼tryoutforsth.参加...的选拔tryover试演(戏剧等)tryup校准,为...最后加工tryyourhandatsth.初试身手tryone'sluck碰运气trysb'spatient使不耐烦try/doone’sbesttodosth.尽某人最大努力做某事2.die死掉dievi.死亡(强调动作，是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如果要连用需要改成have/hasbeendead)1)deathn.死亡dyingadj.垂死的deadadj.死的Eg.Hisfatherdiedfiveyearsago.他父亲去世五年了。2)diefrom“由于....而死”(一般常用于由外伤、衰老引起的死亡)Eg.Theoldmandiedfromacaraccidentlastyear.这个老人去年死于一场车祸。3)dieof由于....而死”(一般指由于疾病、情感等原因引起的死亡)Eg.Hisgrandfatherdiedoflivercancerin1992.他的祖父1992年死于肝癌。4)dieout“(家族、物种等)灭绝；绝迹“Eg.Dinosaursdiedout65millionyearsago.恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了。5)委婉表达：passaway过世，去世Eg.Sadly,Georgia’sUnclepassedawayyesterdayafterashortillness.n真伤心，乔治亚的叔叔昨天的了一场急病去世了。passon过世，去世Eg.I’msorrytolearnthatyourdearmotherhasjustpassedon.很遗憾听到你妈妈刚刚去世的消息。1)gotomeetone’sMaker( 注意这个Maker要大写，有造物主的意思，所以去见造物主了就是灵魂回归了，也就是死亡的委婉说法，就像我们也会说某人“去见马克思了”。)【巩固练习】：一、选择题1.Nobodyanswerthefrontdoor.Sohetried____atthebackdoor. A.toknockB.knockC.knockedD.knocking 2.Dokeep____,willyou? A.totryB.tryC.havingtriedD.trying 3.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynottry___atelegram? A.tohavesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending 4.Hisfatherhas_______forsixyears.A.diedB.beendiedC.beendeadD.dead5.Mygrandfatherdied______heartattack.A.ofB.fromC.offD.out6.Doyoumindmytakingthisseat?____.A.Yes,sitdownpleaseB.No,ofcoursenotC.Yes,takeitpleaseD.No,youcan'ttakeit.7.Shemadeasillymistakebecauseshehadn'tkepther____onherwork.A.headB.heartC.brainD.mind8.WouldyoumindifIusedyourphone?A.Sure.goahead.B.No,thankyou.C.Yes,IwouldD.No,goahead.9.---DoyoumindifIkeeppetsinthisbuilding?---____.A.I'dratheryoudidn'tactuallyB.Ofcoursenot,It'snotallowedhere.C.Great!IlovepetsD.No,youcan't10.Hedidn'tseemtomind____TVwhilehewastryingtostudy.A.themtowatchB.thattheywatchC.theirwatchingD.watching【答案】：一、DDBCABDDAC1.in表示整十的数词变复数，用“in+物主代词+基数词的复数形式”中，表示某人处于某年龄段。注意：inhisteens在某人十几岁的时候Todaypeopleintheirfiftiesgotouniversityforfurthereducation.现今大多数的人还在上大学接受继续教育。【拓展】表示整十的数词变为复数，也可以用在“in+the+基数词复数形式”中，表示“在某个年代”。如：Thestoryhappenedintheseventies.故事发生在七十年代。2.walkvi.&n.【解析】1)walk可作不及物动词，意为“走，步行”；2)walk可作名词，意为”走，步行”n【短语】walktosp.=gotosp.onfoot步行去某地walk+地点副词，省略to：walkhome步行回家walkthere步行去那里goforawalk去散步gooutforawalk出去散步take/haveawalk散步【例句】Iwalktoschooleveryday.=Igotoschoolonfooteveryday.我每天步行去上学。MyparentsandIalwaystakeawalkaftersupper.我父母和我总是在晚饭后散步。【拓展】有关于交通工具的用法：1)“by+交通工具名词”表示交通方式，此时交通工具的名词只能用单数，也不能被冠词或物主代词等限定：bybike,bybus,bytrain,byship,byplane2)“用by+交通路线的位置”来表示交通方式：byland（从陆路）,bywater（从水陆）,bysea（从海路）,byair（乘飞机）.3)用“in(on)+交通工具名词”，此时的交通工具名词前必须有冠词、名词所有格形式或形容词性物主代词等限定词修饰。其用法与“by+交通工具名词”相似。Heoftengoestoschoolonabike.Don’tcomehereinonthetrip.4)用“takea(the)+交通工具名词”表示交通方式。takeabus（乘公共汽车）takeatrain（乘火车）,takeaship（乘轮船）takeaplane（乘飞机）5)rideabike骑自行车1.timen.【解析】1)time还可以作不可数名词，意为“时间”。2)time意为“次，回”：threetimesaweek一周三次。What’sthetimenow?现在几点？Idon’thaveanytimetochatwithyou.我没时间和你聊天。3)time还可以为“倍数”：一倍用once，两倍用twice，三倍用threetimes.①表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”：Abe倍数then.ofB；Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大。②表示“……比……大几倍”：Abe倍数adj.比较级thanB；Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。③表示“……是……倍”：Abe倍数asadj.asB.Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。④还可以用by+倍数，表示增加了多少倍；用to+倍数，表示增加到多少倍。Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。2.favoriteadj.&n.最喜欢的人（物）【固定用法】favorite=like…best最喜欢….【例句】Whatsportdoyoulikebest?=Whichsportisyourfavorite?你最喜欢什么体育运动？n1.go+V-ing表参加体育运动或者活动goswimming去游泳goskating去溜冰goboating去划船gohunting去打猎goshopping去购物godancing去跳舞goskiing去滑雪goclimbing去爬山gohiking去远足gosailing去航行goshooting去射击godating去约会2.dreamn.&vi.【解析】1)dream作名词，表示“梦想”2)dream作动词，表示“做梦，梦想”【短语】makeone’scometrue实现某人的梦想dreamofsth/doingsth.梦想做某事，有向往之意。dreamaboutsth/doingsth.梦见某人或做某事。【例句】Ihadadreamlastnight.昨晚我做了个梦。Ihaveadream.我有一个梦想。Theboydreamsofbecomingapilot.那个男孩儿梦想成为飞行员。Heoftendreamsabouttravellingovertheword.他常常梦见周游世界。3.cometrue为不及物动词短语，意为“实现，成为现实”：sthcometrue某物成为现实【同义词】1)realizevt.①“实现”：Herealizedhisdreamwhenhepassedtheentranceexamination.入学考试通过了,他的梦想就实现了。②“了解;认识到”：IfyouwereintheSahara,youwouldrealizethevalueoffreshwater.如果你在撒哈拉大沙漠,你就会知道淡水的价值了。2)achievevt.①取得,获得：Theyachievedsomevictoriesdespitethesesetbacks.尽管受到这些挫折,他们还是取得了一些胜利。②实现,达到,完成：Youwillachieveyourambitionifyouworkhard.如果你努力,你的抱负是可以实现的。【巩固练习】一、单项选择1.Tomgoestoschoolbybusinsteadof_____inordertonottobelate.AgoingforawalkBwalkCwalktoschool2.Ioftengoabroadby___.AtheairBtheplaneCair3.Ourfactoryis___asbigastheirs.AthreetimesBthreetimeCthird4.Aslongasyouworkhard,youwill____agoodgrade.ArealizeBachieveCrealizing【答案】：一、ACAAn1.“在周末”的四种表达方式atweekends=attheweekend=onweekends=ontheweekend2.else【解析】elseadv.意为“别的，其他的”，无比较级，常用于疑问词、不定代词之后。【例句】Whereelsedidhego?你还去了哪里？Doyouwantanythingelse?你还想要别的吗？I’mgoingtotakeyousomewhereelse.我要带你到别的地方去。【拓展】else和other的区别elsea.修饰疑问词或不定代词，放在其后b.可以构成所有格else’s,表示“另外的，其他什么人的”。othera.修饰名词，放在被修饰词之前b.可做代词，常构成短语one…,theother…,意为“一个，另一个”。【例句】Idon’twantanythingelse,thanks.我不想用别的东西了，谢谢。Sheistallerthantheotherstudents.他比其他学生都高。3.numbern.数量、数字、号码、编号【辨析】thenumberof……的数量，谓语动词用单数。anumberof许多，大量，通常后跟可数名词复数。【例句】ThenumberofthepopulationofChinaisverylarge.中国人口的数量是非常巨大的。Thisequipmenthassavedthelivesofanumberofnewbornchildren.这套设备已经挽救了许多新生儿的生命。【拓展】“许多，大量”的表达方式类别用法例句修饰可数名词复数agood/greatmany,alarge/greatnumberof,scoresof等+名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。Agreat/goodmanywordsandexpressionshavecomeintothelanguagefromAmericanEnglish.这门语言吸收了美国英语中的许多单词和短语。修饰不可数名词Agreatdealof,alargeamountof等，谓语动词用单数形式。特例：largeamountsof谓语动词用复数形式。Alargeamountofmoneyhasbeenspentonthenewhouse.新房子上花费了许多钱。既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词alotof,lotsof,plentyof等，谓语动词根据被修饰的名词是可数还是不可数来决定单复数形式。Therearealotof/lotsofpeopleinthatroom.那个房间里有许多人。There’salotof/lotsofriceinthebag.那只口袋里有许多大米。【巩固练习】一、单项选择1.Sheismorebeautifulthanany____studentinherclass.AelseBotherCelse’s2.Ican’tgiveyouanything_____exceptlove.A.elseBotherCelse’s3.Thereare___________improvements;forinstance,bothmousebuttonscannowbeused.AanumberofBthenumberofCnumbersofn1.______prisonersincreasedasacorollaryofthegovernment'sdeterminationtocombatviolentcrime.A.AnumberofBThenumberofCNumbersof2.Weoftengotothecinema______.AontheweekendBataweekendCintheweekends二、翻译句子1.我们经常在放学后参加一些课外活动。______________________________________________________________【答案】：一、BAABA二、Weoftenjointheafter-schoolactivitiesafterschool.1.afterschool与after-school【辨析】1)afterschool在放学后，是副词短语，通常放于句尾作时间状语。2)after-school课外的，是形容词，通常作定语，后面跟名词。【例句】Tomtakespartinmanyafter-schoolactivities.汤姆参加了许多课外活动。Helikesplayingfootballafterschool.他放学后喜欢踢足球。2.动词变为名词（表示职业）的变化规律1)加er:swim-swimmerdrive-driverplay-playersing-singerdance-dancerteach-teacherwait-waiterreport-reportermanage-managerlaw-lawyergarden-gardener(园丁)farm-farmerwork-worker2)加oract-actorcollect-collector(收藏者)visit-visitoredit-editortranslate-translatormonitordirect-directortailor（裁缝）professor(教授)3)加ressactress女演员waitress女服务员3.own【解析】1）own作动词，表示“拥有”2）own作形容词，表示“自己的”【固定搭配】ownsb/sth拥有某人/某物onone’sown独自，相当于byoneself【例句】Iwanttoownabighouse.我想拥有一栋大房子。Lilyhasherownbedroom.李莉有她自己的卧室。4.leave/take+时间段+off表示“请…（多久的）假”【拓展】beoff表示“…关着的”beon表示“…开着的”【例句】Theairconditionerisoff.空调是关着的。Thelightison.电灯是开着的。n1.常见的以ly结尾的形容词以ly结尾的对应的汉语意思friendly友好的lovely可爱的daily日常的weekly每周的monthly每个月的yearly每年的该类形容词修饰名词：dailynewspaper日报monthlytest月考friendlyneighors友好的邻居2.trip,travel,journey,tour的辨析词汇用法例句journey通常指远距离的陆地旅行，并且不一定要返回到出发地（即通常指单程）注：journey有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”，而是表示走过一段距离。Iwishyouapleasantjourney.祝你一路顺风HemadeajourneytoBeijing.他去北京旅行了。Howlongisyourjourneytowork?你上班要走多远？trip通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行，并且往往要回到出发点（即指双程），有时trip也可指远距离的长途旅行，可与journey换用，比journey更通俗。Iwanttomakearound-the-worldtrip.他将周游世界。travel泛指一般意义的旅行，是不可数名词。Heisfondoftravel.他喜欢旅行。tour着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。Iwilltourtheworldinthefuture.我以后将环游世界。3.idea【解析】n.主意，想法【短语】comeupwithsomeideas.想出一些主意【拓展】idealadj.理想中的idealhome理想中的家园idealschool理想中的学校4.very与quite的辨析very副词，修饰动词和形容词。在修饰形容词的时候，一般放在冠词的后面。如：Sheisaverybeautifulgirl.她是个非常漂亮的女孩。quite副词，修饰形容词和副词。在修饰形容词的时候，放在冠词的前面。如：Sheisquiteabeautifulgirl.她是个非常漂亮的女孩。Herunsquitefast.他跑得非常快。5.hear、sound与listento的辨析hear及物动词，表示“听见”，强调听的结果。固定短语：hearof/aboutsb/sth听说关于某人/某事的消息。hearfrom=receivealetterfromsb收到某人的来信。辨析：hearsbdosth听见某人做了某事或听见某人经常做某事。hearsbdoingsth听见某人正在做某事.nlisten不及物动词，表示“听”，强调听的动作。固定短语：listentosth听….常作现在进行时的标志词。如：Listen!Somebodyiscrying.sound既可以作名词，表示“声音”；又可以作系动词，表示“听起来”，后接形容词：Itsoundsgood.听起来不错。1.choosevt.选择【短语】choosesbtodosth选择某人做某事choosetodosth选择去做某事choosesbtobe=choosesbas选择某人做…【拓展】choicen.选择【固定搭配】havenochoicebuttodosth别无选择只能做某事=havenothingtodobutdosth2.little,alittle,few,afew的辨析 肯定比较级否定比较级最高级修饰可数名词复数afew—fewfewerfewest修饰不可数名词alittlealittle+adj.比较级littlelessleast【解析】few的用法1)few修饰可数名词复数，表示“数”的多少。2)few=notmany含否定意义；afew=some;several含肯定意义。3)当few被every,last,past,next,some,very等词修饰时表示肯定意义，前面不加冠词。【例句】Inthelastfewminutes,hecheckeduphispaperagain.前几分钟，他再次检查一下他的论文。Ittookussomefewdaystorepairthemachine.修这台机器花了我们几天的时间。【解析】little的用法1)little修饰不可数名词，表示“量”的多少。2)little含否定意义；alittle含肯定意义；【巩固练习】一.、单项选择1.Theyspent______moneyonthenewhospital.A.agreatdealB.agooddealofC.agreatmanyD.alargenumberof2.Hepossesses______books.A.plentyofB.verymuchC.agreatdealofD.anamountof3.Thereare________peopleinthatroom.A.lotofB.agreatdealofC.plentyofD.alotn4.There’s________riceinthebag.A.manyaB.anumberofC.agreatmanyD.alargemountof5.Thereare______eggsinthefridge.A.muchB.largemountsofC.agreatdealofD.anumberof6.Wehavenochoicebut______.A.turnbackB.toturnbackC.turningbackD.turnedback7.Hecandoingnothingbut______and________.A.toliedown;tosleepB.lyingdown;sleepingC.toliedown;sleepD.liedown;sleep8.Icanhavenothing________but_______mattertaketheircourse.A.todo;letB.doing;lettingC.do;toletD.todo;tolet9.Heis__________boy,wehad________timeinthepark.A.aquitehandsome;averygoodB.veryahandsome;quiteagoodC.quiteahandsome;veryagoodD.averyhandsome;quiteagood二、写出同义句1.Hecanfinishtheworkbyhimself.Hecanfinishthework__________________________..2.Lucyoftengoestoschoolonherown.Lucyoftengoestoschool________________.三、用listento,hearof,hearfrom,hearabout填空1.I’vejustheard_______hispromotion.我刚刚听到了他被提升的事。2.Ihaveneverheard________himsinceheleft.自从他离开后，我再没听过他的消息。3.Doyouhear________yourdaughterthisweek?这周你收到你女儿的来信了吗？4.IthinkIcan_______someoneknocking.我听见有人在敲5.Itriedto_______somethingimportant,but________nothing.我尽力地听一些重要的东西，但是最后什么也没听到。【答案】：一、答案：1-9BACDDBDAD二、答案：1.onhisown2.byherself三、答案：1-5of,about,from,hear,listento,hearChapter51.动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的区别【解析】动名词作主语时，常用来描述一件已知的事或经验；不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。【例句】Climbingmountainsisinteresting．爬山很有趣。(经验)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)【拓展】1）动名词做主语常用it做形式主语的句型有：It’snogood(use/fun)doing…It’s(a)wasteoftimedoing…n2)不定式做主语，一般用it充当形式主语，同时将作主语的不定式短语后置。常用不定式做主语的句型有：It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo…It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo…1.borrow与lend的辨析【解析】borrow指“借入”，lend指“借出”；【短语】borrowsth.fromsb.lendsth.tosb.=lendsbsth【例句】Don’tborrowmoneyfromher.不要向她借钱。Samborrowedacarfromhisfriend.萨姆向他的朋友借来了一辆车。Helenthispentome.他把他的钢笔借给了我。Hetoldmenottolendittoher.他叫我别把它借给她。2.beginning与end的用法【解析】inthebeginning表示“起初”、“开始的时候”；atthebeginning(of…)表示“在……开始的时候”；【例句】Inthebeginning,hewasn’tinterestedinit.起初，他对它并不感兴趣。AtthebeginningofthiscenturyagreatmanyEuropeanswenttoliveintheUSA.本世纪初，许多欧洲人去美国居住【解析】intheend的意思相当于finally,atlast，表示“最后、终于”；attheend(of…)表示“在……最后/尽头”【例句】XiaoMingpassedtheexamintheend.最后小明通过了那次考试。Thereisaclothesshopattheendofthestreet.在这条街的尽头有一家服装店。LiMingcameacrossafewnewwordsattheendofthearticle.在这篇文章的最后，李明碰到了一些生词。【拓展】beginvi.开始：Ourschoolbeginsat7o’clockinthemorning.我们学校早晨七点开始。endvi.结束：Thefilmendsat8o’clock.电影八点钟结束。3.“提供”的表达法【解析】能够表达“提供”的词有：give、offer、provide【短语】givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人提供某物offersbsth=offersthtosb给某人提供某物providesbwithsth=providesthforsb给某人提供某物4.winvt.赢得【解析】win表示“赢”、“获胜”、“得到成功”后接奖品、奖学金、战争或运动等。【例句】Shehadanaturethatquicklywonherthefriendshipofherclassmates.她具有一种天性，这使她很快地获得同学们的友谊。Hesoonwonareputationforhimself.他很快就为自己赢得了声誉。Marywonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.玛丽在竞赛中获得第一名。【拓展】beat也有“赢”、“取胜”、“战胜”之意，但beat常后跟对手或者敌人。【例句】IbeatJohnatchessyesterday.昨天我和约翰下棋并赢了他。n1.discussvt.讨论【短语】discusssthwithsb和某人讨论某事【例句】Wehavealreadydiscussedthequestion.我们已经讨论了这个问题。Wearediscussinghowtogetgoodgrades.我们正在讨论如何取得好成绩。【拓展】discussionn.讨论：haveadiscussionwithsb和某人进行一次讨论【例句】Now,let’shaveashortdiscussion.现在让我们来进行一个简短的讨论。2.hardly与hard的辨析Hardly副词“几乎不”修饰动词Icouldhardlystandafteralongwalk.长途跋涉后，我几乎站不住了。Hard形容词“坚硬的”“困难的”修饰名词Theworkishardformetofinish.这项工作我很难完成。副词“努力地”修饰动词Tomworkshard.汤姆工作很努力。 【拓展】workhard表示“努力工作”，是一个动词短语；hard-working表示“努力的”，是一个形容词，用来修饰名词。【例句】Myfatherisahard-workingman.我的爸爸是个努力的人。Myfatherworkshardeveryday.我爸爸每天都努力工作。3.calm的用法词条用法例句calmadj.镇定的，平静的；（人）从容不迫的keepcalm保持镇定Youshouldkeepcalmeveninfaceofdanger.Vt.使平静，镇定calmsb.downWeshouldtackactiontocalmhimdown.Vi.平静，冷静sbcalmdownWeshouldcalmdownwhenweareindanger.n.平静、安静Ihavelearnedfromtheseahowtofacethemwithcalm.4.instead与insteadof的区别【解析】instead是副词，意为“相反，而，却”。连接肯定的内容，可以放在肯定句的句首或句末。【例句】Heistoobusy.Letmegoinstead.他太忙例了，让我去吧。Instead,hewatchedTV.相反，他看电视了。【解析】insteadof意为“代替，而不是”，连接否定的内容，后接名词，代词或动词ing形式。【例句】I'llchooseEnglishinsteadofJapanese.我要选英语而不选日语。Thechildrenwentswimminginsteadoffishing.孩子们去游泳了，而不是去钓鱼。【巩固练习】一、单项选择n1.If you don’t work _____ enough,I don’t think your dream will come____. A.hardly; truly B.hardly; true C.hard;true D.hard;truly 2.We ____ the strongest team in the football match thismorning.Nowwearegoingtocelebrateit.A.winB.beatC.wonD.defeat3.Canyou_____meyourbike?A.borrowB.takeC.takeD.lend4.I_____ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A. borrow B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 5.Standingin the middle of streets____very dangerous.A.canB.beC.areD.is6.Itisgoodforthefishtohave_______waterplantsinthetank（鱼缸）tokeepthewaterpure.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew7.There're______interestingplacesinChina.A.quiteafewB.quitealittleC.few D.little 8.Sorry，Icangiveonly______watertoyou.A.afew B.alittleC.fewD.little二、用单词的适当形式填空1.______ (play) computer games is a waste of time.2.The movie is worth_______(see).【答案】：一、1-5CBDDD6-8DAB二、1.Playing2.seeing1.promise的用法【解析】v.承诺，允诺，答应【短语】promisesb.sth.承诺某人某物promise(sb)todosth.承诺(某人)做某事promise+that从句（宾语从句）【例句】Hepromisedtohelpus.Wepromisethatthistherapycanhelpyouchangeyourmoods.Hepromisedmethebook.他答应给我这本书。【解析】n.承诺，诺言：makeapromise许下诺言2.advice与suggestion的区别【解析】advice表示“建议”【短语】advice/suggeststh建议某事advcsesbtodosth建议某人做某事suggestdoingsth.建议做某事【拓展】suggestionn.可数advicen.不可数（advise只能作动词，advice既可以作动词也可以作名词）3.与get相关的短语：geton/offthebus上公交车/下公交车geton/offit上车/下车ngetto(到达)，getup(起床)，getback(回来;取回)，getoff(下车)getonwellwith(与……相处融洽)，getmarried(结婚)，gettogether(相聚)1.与think相关短语：thinkabout考虑thinkbackto回想，回忆thinkof想出；想起；考虑thinkof...as把…看作是，以为…是thinkon/upon考虑;思量thinkover仔细考虑thinktwice重新考虑,三思thinkhighlyof高度赞扬2.luckn.运气，幸运Goodlucktoyou.祝你好运luckyadj.幸运的Sheisaluckygirl.她是个幸运的女孩。luckilyadv.幸运的是Luckily,hedidn’tgethurt.幸运地是他没有受伤。否定前缀为un-unlucky—unluckily3.Sure词条用法例句 be surebesuretodosth，意为“一定”“必定”“准会”，besureof/aboutsth;besure+从句，作“肯定”“有把握”解释to be sure作插入语时，意为“的确”“诚然”Be sure towriteandtellmeallthenews.一定要写信告诉我所有的消息。Sheis sure tofindoutthetruthtonight.她今晚一定会把真相搞清楚。Sheisnotpretty,to be sure,butsheisveryclever.她的确不漂亮，但是她很聪明。I’mnotquite sure ofhistelephonenumber.我不大清楚他的电话号码。make suremakesuretodosthmakesureofsthmakesure+从句，“确保”“弄清楚”Haveyoumade sure ofthetimeofthetrain?火车开车的时间你搞清楚了吗？Wemade sure youwerenotcomingtoday.我们确信你今天不来了。for sure “肯定地”“毫无疑问地”Idon’tknowitfor sure.这事我不敢肯定。Idon’tknowfor sure thathewasdead.我确实不知道他已经去世了。4.Wonder词条用法例句nwondervt.“想知道；对..感到怀疑”后接宾语从句。IwonderwhyAnnislate.我想知道Ann为什么迟到。Iwonderifhewillsucceed.我想知道他是否已会成功。vi.感到惊讶，感到疑惑wonderat/about...Iwonderatyourallowinghertodosuchathing.我惊讶你竟然允许她做这样的事情。Iwonderaboutmyfuture.我对未来很疑惑。n.“奇迹；奇观”make/do/performawonder创造奇迹It’sawonderthat....“奇怪的是....”It’snowonderthat....“难怪....It’snowonderthathewonthegameintheend.难怪他最后赢得了比赛。【派生】：wonderfuladj.奇妙的1.peacen.安宁；和平；和睦adj.peaceful和平的，爱好和平的，平静的。adv.peacefully和平地inpeace平静地2.prefer&wouldrathervt.宁愿选择，更喜欢(preferred;preferring)1)Prefer(sb.)todosth.宁愿（某人）做某事Ipreferhimtodoitinadifferentway.2)PreferAtoB在两者之间更喜欢AHeprefersteatocoffee.3)PreferdoingAtodoingBIpreferwalkingtocycling.4)PrefertodoAratherthandoB宁愿做A而不愿做B.Hepreferstowritehersomelettersratherthantelephoneher.wouldrather1)Wouldratherdosth.Hewouldratherdrinktea.2)WouldratherdoAthandoBHewouldratherwritehersomelettersthantelephoneher.3.remindremindvt.提醒，使…想起1)remindsb.todo提醒某人去做某事2)remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事e.g:Pleaseremindmetobringtheumbrella.请提醒我带伞。n【巩固练习】：一、单项选择1.—Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.—_____isnowonderhealwaystakesthefirstplaceinclass.A.ItB.ThereC.ThatD.This1.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsus______ ofmind,whichisimportantforourhappiness.A.peaceB.peacefulC.peacesD.peacefully2.—Whataheavyrain!—Soitis.Iprefer___ratherthan____onsucharainydayA.togoout;stayathomeB.tostayathome;gooutC.goingout;stayathomeD.stayingathome;goout3.His words remind me ____we did together during the past holidays. A.that B.of thatC.of whatD.what 4.Mary would rather_______________ TV at home than out. A. to watch ；goB. watch ； to goC. watch ； goD. watching； going 5.Lily prefers _______ a low score rather than _______ in the exam. A. to get；cheatB. get；to cheatC. getting；cheatingD. get； cheat 二、填空题根据汉语意思完成句子。1.我不确定是否要去那儿/何时离开。I__________________there/whentoleave.2.如果有时间的话一定要来参加我们的聚会.______________________ourpartyifyouhavetime.3.我确定自己比你跑得快。I______________________Icanrunfasterthanyou.4.他肯定会来。He________________________.5.比起糖果，我更喜欢水果。___________________________________________6.他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。Theirfather__________________________________7.比起踢足球，我更喜欢打篮球。____________________________________________三、选用prefer或would rather来完成句子。 1.Most Grade 7 students_______________skating to bowling. 2.Students_______________go bowling than skating. 3.Around 80% of the girls_______________ go to the cinema than watch TV. 4. Lucy_______________ red to blue when she was a little girl. 5.On rainy daysAlice_______________ to do some reading at home rather than go out. 【答案】：一、AABCBA二、n1.amnotsurewhethertogo2.Besuretocometo3.amsurethat4.issuretocome5.Ipreferfruittocandies.6.prefersthemtogohomeearly.7.Ipreferplayingbasketballtoplayingfootball.三、1.prefers2.wouldrather 3.wouldrather 4.prefers5.prefers1.give短语整理give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 give away 分发，送人，赠送, 背弃，出卖, 泄漏，暴露。give in 上交;让步，投降give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)give out分发，散发;用完，耗尽;垮掉;失灵，出故障;发表，公布；发出(热、声音、信号等)give up放弃，戒掉；交出，让出；投降，认输2.work和job辨析【解析】work与jobworkwork作名词，有体力或脑力劳动的意思(在这一意义上的同义词有labour,toil)，又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思(在这一意义上的同义词有employment,occupation,calling)。Workonithadbegunbeforemysisterleft.这座房子的工程在我姐姐离开之前就已经开始了。jobjob作为“工作”解，其实有两层含义：一个是“干活”的“活”，一个作为职业的“事”。job作“干活”的“活”解时的同义词有task,duty,assignment等；job作为职业的“事”解时有如下的同义词：position,place,situation,post等。Itwashisjobtorepairbicyclesandatthattimeheusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.修理自行车就是他的话，而且常常是一天要干14个小时。3.present1）形容词：目前的，现存的：atthepresenttime在目前2）形容词：在场的：bepresentatthemeeting；反义词：absent，不在场的3）名词：现在，目前：Welearnfromthepast,thepresent,andhopeforthesuccessinthefuture.我们从过去中学习，体验现在，希望在将来取得成功。4）名词：礼物，赠品：abirthdaypresent生日礼物5）动词：赠送presentabooktosb.把书赠送给某人。6）作为形容词时，名词为presence：Yourpresenceisrequested.敬请出席。7）词义辨析：present；atpresent；presentlynpresent现在的，现今的，出席的，现在的Whereisyourpresentaddress?你现在的住址是哪里？atpresent现在，当今，=nowWeareverybusyatpresent.我们现在很忙。presently不久，马上Shewillbehomepresently.她不久就会回家。1.beof+抽象名词=be+adj.beofhelp=behelpful有帮助的beofimportance=beimportant重要的beofsuccess=besuccessful成功的beofvalue=bevaluable有价值的beofinterest=beinterested有兴趣的beofhealth=behealthy健康的2.词义辨析：findout;find;discover;findoutfind out意为“查明、发现、了解”，指经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况，如Please find out the answer to the question.lookforlook for意为“寻找”，强调找的动作，是延续性动词，如I’m looking for my penfindfind意为“找到、发现、感到”，强调找的结果，是非延续性动词，如I find it difficult to learn English well.discoverdiscover意为“发现、发觉”，指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西，如Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure for AIDS.【巩固练习】：一、填空题用present短语的适当形式填空。1.我对目前的形势不熟悉。The________________isforeigntome.2.今天该组有多少人出席?Howmanyofthegroup______________today?3.我的妈妈今天给我买了一个漂亮的礼物。Mymother______________________today.4.他说的事情对我们来说很重要。Whathesaid___________________us.请根据所给汉语意思，完成下列英语句子，每空词数不限。5.最后，我在床底下找到了那本书。 I ________________ under the bed in the end. 6.我爸爸正到处找他的护照。 My father ________________ his passport everywhere.7.我们必须查明真相。 We must ________________. 8. 你知道哥伦布什么时候发现了美洲吗？ Do you know when Columbus ________________ America?【答案】1.presentsituation2.werepresent3.boughtmeanicepresent4.isofimportance/isimportant5.foundthatbook6.islookingfor7.findoutthentruth8.discovered1.词义辨析represent，standforrepresentrepresent（基本义为使用他物以表达或代表某物） ①表示,象征.Thedoverepresentspeace.鸽子象征和平.②代表/理Herepresentsourclass.他代表我们班级.Herepresentedtheprincipalattheceremony.他在典礼上代理校长.可用与被动语态。standforstandfor表示,代表：¥standsfor“yen”.¥代表日元 不可用于被动语态。2.include【动词】包括,包含，把…算入【过去分词】included【现在分词】including【解析】include是及物动词，前面要有主语的。【例句】Thepriceincludespostagecharges.价格包括邮费在内。Theuniversityincludestencolleges.该大学有十个学院。【拓展】including是介词，一般用在逗号或冒号前面，有时也放在句中。【例句】Thebandplayedmanysongs,includingsomeofmyfavourites.这个乐队唱了很多的歌，包括我喜欢的一些歌。3.covervt.“包括，涵盖，涉及”【例句】Theprogrammecoveredthatgreatevent.AlltheTVstationscoversthateventonebyone.1)covervt.覆盖，掩盖，常与介词with连用，意为“用...覆盖”,常用结构：becoveredwith...被...覆盖,有时也可用作becoveredby【短语】be covered with sth. 被…覆盖 under the cover of 在…的掩护下，以…为幌子 cover up 掩盖，掩饰，隐藏 take cover 隐蔽，躲避【例句】Mothercoveredhimwithablanket.HowmuchofEarth'sfaceiscoveredwithwater?2)covern.盖子，封皮【例句】thecoverofasaucepanMybookhasadarkbluecover.3)cover作动词，意为“报道，采访”【例句】Wewillcoverthisyear'sBeijingMusicAwardslive.Mymotherwassenttocoverthetrafficaccident.4.lead1）vt.&vi. （lead-led-led）“带路,领路,指引 ”【短语】leadto+sth/doing(to为prep)导致。。。通向。。。leadsbtodosth带领，怂恿某人做。。。（to为不定式标志）【例句】Hardworkleadstosuccess.努力通向成功。Heledustomakeabigplan.他领导我们做了个大计划。nI'lllead;youmustfollowme. 我带路,你一定得跟着我. “领导;指挥” 【例句】Whoisgoingtolead? 谁来领导? “领先”【例句】Whichhorseisleadingintheracerightnow? 现在赛马中哪匹马领先?1）vt. “诱使”【例句】Theyledhimcaptive. 他们将他活捉. “使过生活 ”【例句】Weareleadingahappylife. 我们过着幸福的生活. 3)n. “领导;榜样 ”【例句】Heisoneofleadsweshouldlearn. 他是我们应该学习的榜样之一. “领先;占上风 ”【例句】Hehasaleadoftenmetresovertheotherrunners. 他领先别的运动员十米. “主角,主要演员 ”【例句】He'splayingtheleadinthenewplay. 他在这出新剧中担任主角. “铅 ”【例句】Leadisaheavymetal. 铅是重金属. 1.Find+宾语+宾语补足语.意思为：某人（某物）发现（发觉）某物怎么样能充当宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词，过去分词。例句：（1）Hefindsthiscoatdirty.（2）Hefoundallthestudentsout.（3）Hefindsallthepeopleinthiscitytobehappyandhelpful.（4）Hefoundhimselfindanger.（5）Hefoundallthepeoplewaitingforhim.（6）Hefoundhishousechangedalot.【巩固练习】：一、填空题1.WhatdoesUFO__________?It__________UnidentifiedFlyingObjects.（standfor/represent）2.Thecountrywas_______________attheconferencebytheForeignMinister.(standfor/represent)3.TheSouthPole_________________snowallyearround.4.Jack_____(报道)theGulfWarforCNNthen.5.He took Tom by the hand to_______ him into the house. 6.He ____ the country between 1949 and 1984.【答案】：一、standfor;standsfor；represented；iscoveredwith/covered；lead;lednChapter61.wastev.浪费，滥用；白费， n.浪费，滥用；白费，【wasteV.的用法精析】1)wastesthonsth浪费某物于某物上Don’twastetimeondoinguselessthings.不要在无意义事上浪费时间。2)wastesthonsb白费某物于某人身上Don’twasteyourtimeonthem.Theyaredetermined．不要在他们身上浪费时间，他们态度很坚决。3)wastesth(in)doingsth浪费某物做某事IthinkIshouldn’twastemytimeoncomplainingandworrying.我想我不应该浪费我的时间来抱怨和担忧。4)wasteone’sbreath白费唇舌【waste之后也可接除time,money之外的名词作宾语。】Don’twasteyoureffortsonhelpinghim.不要白费力气去帮他。5)waste也可用作名词，表示“浪费”，不可数，但可连用不定冠词。如：It’sawasteoftimeyourtalkingtohim.你和他谈话是白费时间。另外，它还可表示“废料”“废物”等，也为不可数名词。如：Wastefromthebodypassesoutfromthebowels.身体中的废物由肠道排出。Wheredoyouputyourkitchenwaste?你把厨房里的垃圾放在哪里?6)有时还可用作形容词，表示“无用的”“废弃的”等。如：Hethrewitaway,thinkingitwaswastepaper.他把它扔掉，以为它是废纸。2.PayattentiontoAttention.注意，注意力，照料，关怀。名词，不可数。相关短语：payattentionto,关注，注意，留心。其中to为介词，故后面若出现动词则需要用动词的ing形式。对应的paynoattentionto不关注，不注意。catchone’sattention吸引某人的注意力。=get/attractone’sattention例句：Attentionplease,wearehavingourclass.Asastudent,weshouldpaymuchattentiontoourstudyinsteadofcomputergames.Youcancatchherattentionbyfollowingheronherwayhome.n索引agreatdealof,45absent,34advice与suggestion,60advise,28afford,39afterschool与after-school,52agree的用法,15all,9among/between,24anytime&anytime,19attend,join,joinin,takepartin,46be+adj.(friendly/nice/good/generous)+tosb,17beafraidof,33befamousfor/as/to,21begoodat,6beof+抽象名词,65because,20beginning与end的用法,57believe,31borrow与lend的辨析,57calm,59can’tbetoocareful=canneverbetoocareful,39carelessness,39choose,55comeupwithnewideas,44connect,38cover,67creative,curious,energetic,43decide,28dependon/upon,30devote,40die,47different,25discuss,58dream,50eatup,42else,51enough,44expensive/cheap/high/low,22Extra&other,41fallbehind,38family,9favorite,50findout;find;discover,65Find+宾语+宾语补足语,68fit,18fix,30form,32get,60get/bereadytodo,14give,64giveup,36go+V-ing,50hardly与hard,58have….on/wear/put…on/in/on/dress的辨析,26haveproblems(in)doingsth,14hear、sound与listento的辨析,54hear/see后接动词原形以及分词的不同含义,22help,17honest,13hope,34idea,54impress,36in,48insomeways,30include,32,66instead与insteadof,59interesting,15knock,18lead,67learn,35leave/take+时间段+off,53let,5lie的用法,14little,alittle,few,afew,55lively,30look,3love,1lovely,1luck,61nmaybe与maybe,12mean,31mind,45miss,38need,17nextto/nearby/beside/besides,24number,51operation,41order,43organize,35other/theother/others/theothers/another,22own,53past,across,through,20patient,27payattentionto,39,69peace,62play的用法,5prefer&wouldrather,62present,65promise,60receive,27recommend,33remember/forget/goon/stop/try/mean/start/begin接动词不定式与动名词的区别,21remind,62represent，standfor,66search,36secret,19share,13showoff,44somemorefood,11spend,take,pay,cost,41Sure,61take,38takethelead,37therebe(is/are/was/were)句型用法,12think,60time,49too,7trip,travel,journey,tour,54try,32tryoutforsth.,47use,31V.+prep./V.+adv.代词放中间,24very与quite的辨析,54voice,17walk,48waste,68win,58with的用法,8Wonder,61work,24work和job,64worry,19wouldlike,20与穿有关的表达,8主语+谓语动词+oneoftheadj.最高级+n.复数,16动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的区别,57动词变为名词（表示职业）的变化规律,53在周末,51多个形容词修饰名词位置关系,20年龄表达法,4身高/体重,22祈使句的用法,2表示建议的句型,6复合不定代词,10常见的以ly结尾的形容词,53提供,58 更多>>
