troops)作"军队"解。 e.g. We must have our own troops.
我们必须有自己的军队。
【点拨】copy原作"抄写"、"复写"解。 e.g. He is busy copying his composition.
他正忙着抄写他的作文。 本句中的copy引伸作"模仿"、"仿效"解。 e.g. Please copy my actions.(＝Please act as I do. )
请照我这样做。 "Good morning," she said, copying her mother's voice.
"早上好"，她模仿着妈妈的声音说。
You should copy his strong points, not his weak points.
你应当学他的长处，而不是他的短处。
Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. 冯·弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远.
【点拨】 assume的用法 assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定；装出…样子；开始担任，承担…
e.g. We assumed that you understood the situation.
我们认为，你了解形势。
He assumed a well-informed manner but in fact he knows very little.
他装出一副见多识广的样子，而实际上他知之甚少。assume something to be 猜想某事如何
assume ignorance/an injured air
假装不知道，装出冤屈的样子
assume和given,suppose,supposing等词一样都可以引导状语.作用相当于if.
e.g. Supposing your father saw you know , what would you say? =if your father saw ……
Assuming that the weather is favourable, Farmers will have a bumper harvest. 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。
assumed 假装的，假的；假定的，设想的：
e.g. an assumed cheerfulness伪装的高兴，
an assumed result假定的结果，
His look of astonishment was assumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。 assuming自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的：
e.g. He is too assuming in this attitude about the energy supply.
他在对待能源问题的态度上实在显得过于自信。 assumption假定，异端；自负，傲慢；假装
e.g. We are going on the assumption that the work will be finished tomorrow. 我们在根据明天可以完工这一假定办事。
I was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天来。
assumptive 被视为理所当然的，自负的，傲慢的：
e.g. assumptive beliefs被视为理所当然的种种信仰，
assumptive people自命不凡的人
One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees.一个靠近蜂箱,另一个远离蜂箱,几棵大树之外.
【点拨】beyond一词是高中英语的必备词汇，其用法和含义较为复杂，很容易产生理解上的障碍，造成翻译上的失误。本文拟对beyond的一些用法浅析如下：
一、beyond作介词用时，使用最广，常用于下列几种情况：
1.表示位置，意思是“在……的那一边；在……之外；在更远处”。例如：
e.g. Beyond the river stood a power station．
过了这条河就是一个发电站。
2.表示时间，其意为“迟于；超过”。例如：
e.g. Some shops keep open beyond midnight有些商店营业到半夜以后。
3.表范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为……所不能及”在句中常作
①作表语
e.g. Your work is beyond all praise．
你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。
②作定语 e.g. These were matters beyond his understanding as yet．
这些事情他那时候还不了解。
③作状语
e.g. We succeeded beyond our hopes．
我们获得如此之成功，是我们始料所不及的。
4.用在否定和疑问句中，意思是“除……之外”。
e.g. I know nothing beyond what he told me．
除了他告诉我的以外，别的我都不知道。
Is there anything more you can say beyond that？
除了那点之外，你还能说些什么吗？
5.beyond有时还可表示年龄或数量，意思是“超过”。
e.g. He didn't believe in people living beyond 100．
他不相信人能活到100岁以上。
二、beyond也常作副词用，主要有下面两种用法：
1.指时空或正在进行中的活动，意思是“在远处；向远处；更远处”。
e.g. If we cross the mountains we may find people living in the valley beyond．
如果我们翻过这些大山，我们就可以发现在远处山谷中生活的人们。
I'll go with you to the bridge，but not a step beyond．
我愿意同你一道走到桥头，但再远的地方一步也不愿意去。
2.表示外加，意思是“此外；以外”。例如：
e.g. He told me nothing beyond．
此外他没告诉我什么。
He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red.
他给所有来到近的喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色，给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色。
【点拨】faraway(远方的)是由 far ＋ away构成的合成形容词。 nearby(附近的)是由 near ＋by构成的合成形容词。它们在句中都作定语。
a faraway forest(远处的森林)，faraway times(遥远的时代)；
a nearby hotel(附近的一家旅店)，nearby hills(附近的小山)。注意：faraway在作定语时通常都连写，作表语或作状语时则分写(far away)。如： e.g. The house is not far away. 那座房子并不远。 He lives far away from the school. 他住得离学校很远。 nearby既可作定语，又可作状语；既可以连写(nearby)，也可以分写(near by)，还可以 加连字符(near-by)。
e.g. I saw her going to a near-by post-box before lunch. 我看到她午饭前去附近的信箱投信。
They live nearby----less than a kilometer.
他们住在附近，不到一公里。He gave up his seat to the old man standing near by.
他把座位让给站在附近的老人了。
They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was. 他们发现，喂食处越远，舞蹈动作的速度就越慢。
【点拨】"the+比较级……，the+ 比较级……"的意思是："越……，就越……"
这种结构用来表示两从此过程按比例同时递增。前一句为从句，后一句为主句。这种结构常以省略形式出现，句式精炼简短，表意有力。例如：
e.g. The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
The more, the merrier. 人越多，越好玩。
The more he gives his children, the more they want.
给孩子越多，他们要的越多．
The higher we stand, the farther we see.
站的越高，看的越远
The more he explains, the more I am puzzled.
他越解释，我越迷惑．
So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况。
【点拨】come to light作"发现"、"暴露"(to be discovered/ exposed)解。e.g. New facts about the ancient Egypt have recently come to light. 有关古埃及的史实，最近已有新发现。
She was very pleased when the long-lost ring came to light.
当很久前丢失的戒指被找到时，她高兴万分．
The secret didn’t come to light until the old man died.
直到老人死后，秘密才被揭露．
Integrating skills
Apes use sight more than smell. 猿不仅用嗅觉,而且使用视觉.
【点拨】more than 用法小结
1. more than后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。
e.g. Hibernation is more than sleep.
冬眠不只是睡觉。
Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils.
凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。
2. more than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。
e.g. I have known him for more than twenty years.
我认识他已超过二十年了。
More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
十多位警察出现在出事地点。
3. more than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。
e.g. They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.
看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。
I was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body.
看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。
4. more than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。
e.g. Repeated advertising will more than increase product sales.
多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。
His progress in English learning more than encouraged him to learn the subject well. 在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。
5. more than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。
e.g. The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.
我难以描述那个山村的美丽。
This problem is more than a child like Jack can settle.
这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。
6. no more than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。
e.g. All his education added up to no more than one year.
他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。
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